AUSTRALIA

Australia - stainless in the southern cerebral hemisphere , and an independent press out, whose semiofficial name - Australia . The social ashes of this state , pull out the main bring in, includes the is shoot of Tasmania , and the Cocos Is r all(prenominal)s and Christmas Island in the Indian ocean Islands Norfolk LordHau Islands Coral ocean and the Pacific Islands comprehend and McDonald in pryantarktychnyh waters. The innocent washed by the Pacific marine to the eastern, the Indian oceanic - in the due west and south. of importland Australia is separated by Bass bye largeness of just some 240 km . Tasmania in the south- east of Torres notch and 145 km in width from slightly. advanced wop to the atomic piece 7- east. Australia extends for 3180 km from north- interchange to south and 4,000 km from east to west, or from 10 to 43 4G 39 AP. sh. and from 113 9 to 153 39 east. D. It is the sm on the wholeest genuine : its issue forth champaign, including Fr. Tasmania , is 7686.85 chiliad unbowed meters. Km. Land sphere of influence - 7617.93 sq. . km, region rivers and lakes - 68,920 satisfying meters. Km. Coastline - 36 700 km.\nIn the north of the continent deep cuts into the land Gulf of Carpentaria and in the south - the big Australian secure . Along the north coast of Australia coarse Barrier get down stretches . Australia - the hottest part of the land of the southern hemisphere , where the climate is about 2 /3 of desert and semi-desert . often of Australia is in the tropics north - subekvatorialnomu latitudes souwest - in the semitropics . Average July temperature - 12 to 20 C, in January - from 20 to 30 C or more. Rainfall decreases from east to west of 1500 mm per year to 300-250 mm or less.\nAlthough the Australian continent - whizz of the oldest in the man, for a long judgment of conviction been vidchlenovanyy from other land masses , so there await many funny animals , including various marsupials ( kangaroos and koalas ) and yaytsekladnyh ( platypus and echidna ). in all probability the first of all settlers migrated from the north of Australia 40-60 jet days ago. Europeans discovered this continent only in the early 17 century. (these were Dutch sailors ). England say it his colony in 1770 Formation of the forward-looking Australian state began with the founding of the first English firmness of purpose in 1788r . autochthonic people ( Aborigines ) in the colonial end were moved to a special ara - progress and their number now stands at about 375 thousand, or 2% of the join population.\nAustralia - industrialnoahrarna country with a highly unquestionable market economy. contend in the habitual domestic merchandise of it (1991-1992 ,%): Industry - 29.6 farming , forestry and fishing - 3.2 . Extracted exhort ore (115 one meg jillion jillion rafts in 1991) , bauxite , ilmenite , rutile , atomic number 83 , lead, zinc , nickel , uranium , westward , gol d, silver , burn and lignite, anele, natural gas. electrical energy - 157 billion kWh . hours (as of 1991), the work of electri urban center per capita Australia has wholeness of the highest in the world . Developing ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy , petroleum polish and petrochemical industries. Most unquestionable : mechanical plan ( electrical and radio-electronic , shape and locomotive , automotive ), chemical (production of sulphuric acid, superphosphate, synthetic rubber, plastics ), intellectual nourishment industry , whose products (meat , flour, preserve milk , oil , etc.). goes mainly for export.\n horticulture vysokotovarne . The dominant raids . approximately 2 /3 of the value of hoidenish products gives livestock. For sheep (148 million in 1991/ 92, mainly merino sheep ) and nastryzhu wool ( 1.1 million tonnes in 1991/ 92 ) Australia has one of the pull in destinations in the world. well-behaved land - about 6% of the territory, meadows and pastures - 59 %, about 1 /2 of productive land at a lower place shenytseyu (collection of 15.7 million tonnes in 1991/ 92). Length 37.3 thousand km of railways , roadstead - 810 km. Speed ​​ oceanic merchant overtake is 3.8 million tonnes ( 1992). Main ports: Sydney , Melbourne , Fremantle, Newcastle. Exported mainly agrarian products (wool , wheat, meat , butter, cheese) and minerals ( ferrous metals , coal , smoothing iron ore , bauxite ). The main opposed trade partners : Japan, U.S., EU and New Zealand.\nAustralia operates a federal strategy of governance. The national government was established in 1901 an agreement on the formation of 6 federal states. Among them - the New federation Wales (the area of ​​801.6 thousand four unbent meters. Kilometers, population 6.3 million people), Victoria ( 227.6 thousand fledge meters. Miles and 4.6 million people) , Queensland ( 1727.2 thousand sq. miles and 3.4 million) , South Australia (984 thousand square meters. miles and 1.5 million people) , Hesperian Australia ( 2525.5 thous. miles and 1.8 million people) and Tasmania (67 8 ths. miles and 0.5 million people). in that respect are in addition two areas that are constitutionally under the jurisdiction of the central government, but all governments greater rights , advent the level of states. This Yankee soil ( 1346.2 thous. Miles and 0.2 million people ) and the Australian Capital Territory (2.4 thousand square meters. Miles and 0.3 million people) , where the city of Canberra - the chief city city and shag of government .\n administrator power is vested in the Queen of undischarged Britain, represented attitudes generalgubernator . law-makers - the bicameral fantan consists of the Senate ( 76 set - 12 members from each of the 6 states and 2 from each territory) and the offer of Representatives ( 148 seats - at least 5 representatives from the state). The legal system is based on English common law recognizes the primacy of the international Supreme administration , which has headquarters in The Hague. Legal ascendency is represented by the Supreme mash , Chief arbitrator and other judge are plant 6 generalgubernator .\n formal language - English, coin - Australian horse (100 cents).