Public life Essay

Early Years When Brown and his family moved to New York, he learned that the pro-slavery forces in Kansas were confrontational. Brown left for Kansas after learning that the families of his adult sons were completely unprotected from any possible attack. He collected funds and weapons along the way and even held an anti-slavery convention in Albany. Despite the stir because of his support for unrest to liberate, Brown still managed to get financial support. He gathered more anti-slavery forces in Ohio. Brown and his forces were going to stop at nothing to stop the pro-slavery actions in Kansas. He believed that the pro-slavery forces, or the Border Ruffians, will eventually become violent themselves. He used this as justification for his disregard for the law. Brown was angered by the violence displayed by the Border Ruffians, and also the political manipulations happening to quell the northern abolitionist movement. Brown learned that his family was to be attacked next by the Border Ruffians and the pro-slavery neighbours squealed about the support that his family was giving him. In May 1856, five pro-slavery settlers were killed by Brown’s men. They were taken from their homes and slashed to death by swords. According to Brown, he did approve of the murder, but he never participated in it. Two of Brown’s sons were captured by Henry Pate, a pro-slavery captain. But Pate was soon captured with twenty-two men. Pate was forced to sign a treaty that exchanges their freedom with the freedom of his two sons. Pate was released, but his sons’ release was to be postponed till September. Pro-slavery forces from Missouri came to Kansas under the command of Major General John Reid. They headed towards Osawatomie, Kansas, determined to crush the abolitionist forces there. Some of Reid’s men killed one of Brown’s sons in the morning of August 30, 1956. Brown was clearly outnumbered by Reid’s pro-slavery forces, but they still defended their posts. They managed to wound 40 and kill 20 of the Reid’s men. Reid ordered his men to retreat into the forest, and Brown’s men managed to capture four of Reid’s men. This display of bravery in that situation that clearly went against him was viewed as an act of heroism by Northern abolitionist forces. Brown was then known by the nickname, Osawatomie Brown. A month later, Brown met Free State leaders in Lawrence to help plan for a possible assault by the pro-slavery forces. Pro-slavery forces from Missouri were engaging attacks in Kansas. Battles ensued, though large damages were nipped in the bud when Kansas governor John Geary called for disarmament and offered clemency to soldiers of both sides. Brown fled from Kansas with his sons to gather more funds and support from the north. Brown travelled eastward to collect more funds. In his travels, he met with many prominent abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison and Gerrit Smith. Some of the wealthy abolitionists he met agreed to provide Brown with funds. This group of financers become known as the â€Å"Secret Six†. How much of Brown’s plans the Secret Six knew still remains a mystery until today as these men were just there to fund Brown with â€Å"no questions asked. † On January of the following year, Brown received pledges of weapons from different abolitionist organizations and individuals. He travelled more and continued to look for funding. He received help in forms of numerous pledges but little of these pledges were translated to cash. Brown met with Hugh Forbes in New York in March. He hired Forbes to be the tactician and drillmaster of his army. Both met in Tabor and formulated a plan for their anti-slavery crusade in the south with them disagreeing with some of the details of the plan. They left for Kansas six months later without Forbes receiving his salary. He decided to leave for the east instead of going with Brown to Kansas. Brown travelled to Ontario to attend a Constitutional Convention. Chatham, Ontario’s population were mostly dominated by slave fugitives. It was here that Brown’s provisional constitution was adopted. Brown was elected as the commander-in-chief and Elder Monroe, an African man was elected as minister, and shall act as president until a new one was elected. Many of the delegates signed the Constitution, but only a few joined Brown’s forces. Many intended to join but Forbes attempted to reveal the plans to Henry Wilson, a Massachusetts senator. Many of the members of Brown’s inner circle felt fear that their names will go revealed to the public. The members of the Secret Six were divided. Some of them wanted Brown to execute his plans rapidly, while some insisted for postponement. To derail Forbes’ knowledge of his plan, Brown returned to Kansas and remained there for 6 months. He joined forces with James Montogomery, the leader of the raids in Missouri. Brown led his own attacks, managing to set 11 slaves free. He took the liberated man with him to Detroit and to Canada. He went from city to city to collect more support. He reconnected with the Secret Six, visited his family and departed for Harpers Ferry. Upon arrival in Harpers Ferry, he rented a farmhouse nearby for his new recruits. He never received the number of recruits he expected to come to support him. He revealed the plan to some of his supporters and some of them expressed their worry and qualms about the plan. One of them, Douglass, already knew of Brown’s plan since 1859 and has tried numerous attempts to avert the enlistment of blacks in Brown’s army. Some of the weapons fit for a thousand men arrived late September, but Brown only had 21 men. A month later, Brown led 19 of his men to attack the armory of Harpers Ferry. He planned to distribute the weapons here to arm the slaves in the locality. He would then lead these men to the south to liberate more slaves. His plan was to free the slaves of Virginia to maim the institution and kill off the life-line that kept the economy alive in the south. They easily entered the town and they captured the armory with no resistance. They also spread the news to the local slaves they were going to be freed soon. Things went awry when a passenger train arrived in town. One of the train staff warned the passengers about Brown’s men. Brown ordered him to halt then, but seeing that his warning was not heeded, shot him openly. News of the raid reached Washington by late morning. Brown’s men were held inside the armory by the angry residents of the town. Military men sealed off the bridge, the only escape route available. Brown moved inside the armory and had the doors and windows blocked. The soldiers and townspeople outside prevented the exit of anyone inside the armory, and sometimes, Brown’s men would shoot at the people outside. Brown sent out his son, Watson, and one of his men under the bearing of a white flag and yet the men outside shot them. Exchanges of shots were fired, and Oliver, another of Brown’s sons were wounded and killed. On October 18, John Brown’s fort was surrounded by the military. They were encouraged to surrender, but Brown refused, saying that he would rather die there. The military men then broke the doors and walls of the armory down and captured the men inside. Brown was charged with murder of 5 men, instigation of a rebellion among the slaves and treason against the state of Virginia. The court found him to be guilty on all three counts on November 2. He was sentenced to be publicly hanged a month later. On November 2, after a week-long trial and 45 minutes of deliberation, the Charles town jury found Brown guilty on all three counts. Brown was sentenced to be hanged in public on December 2. Before he died, he wrote, â€Å"I, John Brown, am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood. I had, as I now think, vainly flattered myself that without very much bloodshed it might be done. † METHODOLOGY The results of this study were obtained via data collection from documents from the internet, several books and journals. Data analysis of the information was performed and some personal opinions of the author were also injected into the analysis of the data gathered.

Dead Man Walking Summary

A DEAD MAN WALKING Matthew Poncelet is sentenced to death for the murder of Walter Delacroix and Hope Percy. He has been closely followed by Sister Helen Prejean who is strongly against capital punishment, and today, we are to follow him for his last day. 15:00: He meets his family for the last time, and he talks with them like nothing has ever happened. They laugh together and talk about everyday things, but they are also looking back on the past. It’s humbling to see a man who will be dead in a few hours talking with his family without showing signs of anger. â€Å"Some people are asking about your funeral †¦ nd I get real angry and I say, He's not dead yet,† he’s mother says. The mood dampens, and you can feel the emptiness in the room. The only sound left to hear is the squeaking from Troy’s shoes. Its 18:45 and the prison guards tell Matthew’s family to leave. They give him he’s possessions which he tells him family to take, except for his boots – he wants’ to die with them. It is hours before he is going to be killed, and he eats his last meal like it didn’t matter. â€Å"I’ve never had shrimps before,† he says, shoveling them down. Moments before his death, he finally shows how he regrets, for the first time.THE LAST WORDS He is lead to the execution chamber by several police guards. â€Å"Dead man walking! † one of them says. They wouldn’t let him wear his boots, and it was clearly humiliating for him to have to walk to his own death in that way. They tie him to the chair, and insert the needle. He tells the parents of his victims that he regrets what he has done. He asks for forgiveness. They watch him with a cold and still face, showing no reactions to his words. And finally, the last words: â€Å"I just wanna say I think killin’ is wrong, no matter who does it, whether it’s me or y’all or your government. †

Commentary of “I wandered lonely as a cloud” Essay

The poem â€Å"I wandered lonely as a cloud† by William Wordsworth is categorized as a representation of Romanticism, an intellectual impression which is characterized by the emphasis of individual’s expression of emotion and imagination. Throughout the poem, Wordsworth constantly draws the connections between a heightened interest in nature and the human mood, uniting the two in one, in order to further advocate the qualities of Romanticism. More specifically, the spiritual value which the speaker of the poem finds in nature (daffodils) is delineated through the imageries and other literary technique such as hyperbole and overstatement that the poet employs. In the first stanza, the speaker is metaphorically portrayed as a lonely cloud in the sky, watching down on the crowded daffodils on earth. The apparent distance between the symbolic location of the speaker and the daffodils contrasts the loneliness and the liveliness at the scene, almost as if the speaker is the only cloud in the sky, with no destination and sense of direction while the daffodils â€Å"dance[s] in the breeze†. Such loneliness and contrast create a sense of emotions in the atmosphere, nearly a feeling of sadness but also a desire of the speaker to join the crowded daffodils. Moreover, the desire is echoed as Wordsworth utilizes hyperboles in the description of daffodils, golden, to elaborate the excitement and the emotional affection in which the speaker experiences when he oversees them. In reality, daffodils are simply a type of yellow flower, however, the exaggeration on the color suggests the strong emotional feeling that the speaker has for the flowers. Such passion which the speaker possesses for the daffodils is further revealed as Wordsworth goes on to overstress the flowery scene with the amount of â€Å"ten thousand†. As it is almost impossible to have such enormous amount of flowers in one spot, the overstatement does indeed serve its purpose of emphasizing the speaker’s grandiose (as if it is the same amount as the flowers) feeling about the flowers. It is interesting to note that Wordsworth may deliberately depict the speaker as a natural object, cloud, while personifies the natural objects, daffodils, as human beings. Such technique may create a sense of unity between the two; human transforms into nature and nature transforms into human. Not only the feeling of speaker (human) about the daffodils (nature) is strengthened, but at the same time, it also allows the readers to experience the poem more easily. Moreover, hyperbole is again employed by Wordsworth as he portrays the daffodils â€Å"continuous as the stars that shine†. Such portrayal contradicts with the short live characteristic of a daffodil, however the feeling created in the speaker may stay eternally, like the starts that live to be billions years old. Overall, Wordsworth utilizes hyperboles and overstatements, particularly in the first two stanzas, to emphasize the importance of nature while advocating the importance of imagination in Romanticism. Meanwhile, human’s affection towards nature is also another element presented in this poem.

How online retailing satisfy the needs of hedonic and utilitarian Essay

How online retailing satisfy the needs of hedonic and utilitarian customers - Essay Example According to standard economic theory, consumers are known for maximization of utility driven by cognitive values. However, emotional desires can at times direct functional motives in the process of choosing products. Goods are often chosen and consumed at times for purposes of pleasure hence making consumers achieve some instrumental purpose. Such are categorized as; luxuries and necessities, hedonic and utilitarian goods, affect-rich and affect-poor products. The major distinction used on goods is based on necessity and luxury items, where necessary items are considered essential for minimum standard of living. Conversely, luxurious items focus on providing condition of abundance, pleasure as well as comfort. Hedonic versus utilitarian goods Luxuries according to researchers are consumed primarily to satisfy hedonic pleasure contrary to necessities which are consumed for the purposes of providing utilitarian goals. Hedonic goods provide consumers with multisensory dimensions such a s fun, pleasure as well as excitement. On the other hand, utilitarian goods are considered instrumental making their purchase motivated by product’s functional aspects. These include products such as Kitchen appliances, personal computers and home security systems. Hedonic and utilitarian consumption are considered discretionary hence their differences based on degree and consumer’s perception. ... Purposes which an item serves, either for usage or consumption is central in determining whether the item is primarily hedonic or utilitarian. For instance purchasing a cell phone for emergency purposes qualifies it to be called utilitarian product, and is contrary when the same cell phone is purchased for pleasure of chatting with friends. Purchasing the cell phone for pleasure makes it a hedonic product. At the same time goods consumed for hedonic purposes are majorly inclined towards affecting the rich than those consumed for utilitarian purposes. The various distinctions have important implications on the way consumers make decisions based on particular context. The various distinctions as applied do not give any implications of good or bad, however consumer’s choice between the groups is majorly based on whether justification can be drawn from preference for items otherwise referred to as hedonic. The need for justification can either be increased or decreased depending o n response modes. There are various examples where evaluation on preferences gives reversible results depending on whether evaluation process takes separate or joint process. According to Okada (2005), customers frequently visiting restaurants preferred hedonic desert in situations where only single kind of desert was offered. However, in cases where there was variety, customers preferred more utilitarian dessert. Nature of choices made in such instances was based on the kind of difficulty encountered in justifying a hedonic option. Discretionary nature of various hedonic items increases chances of customers making a choice to purchase it. There is difficulty involved in making choices between utilitarian and hedonic goods since hedonic products appear more

Econ 101 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Econ 101 - Research Paper Example The book contained a new economic outlook of the government and money, and from the roots of the book, came the introduction of macroeconomics. According to the School of Thought (2011), the development of Macroeconomics can be attributed to the works of Keynes, and the controversial arguments that he had with fellow economists helped the development of economics. The other contribution that Keynes had on the world is probably the influence that he had on other Keynesian economists like Joan Robinson, with whom he belonged to a reading group. The influence that Keynes had on his protà ©gà ©es can be seen in later works developed by these economists. The most interesting fact about Keynes life is that his life and work probably led to the development of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, since he helped develop a new international money system that needed to have an overseer. This means that the development of the new economic treaty between the United States and The United Kingdom was brokered using Keynes’s knowledge, and the two institutions mentioned were developed because of the

Circular Distributors Marketing Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Circular Distributors Marketing Services - Essay Example Now a days with the easy availability of information, companies generally wishes to target individual customers rather than going for a mass population. Therefore it has provided a huge opportunity for the firms indulged in supplying of services. Apart from providing information about the consumers to their clients these organisations on behalf of the client also communicates the messages to the target consumer group. The report is principally focused on the market analysis of Circular Distributor’s Ltd. In this process the report will try to make an analysis of their service offerings and portray it in a meaningful way. The report will also try to put out a new service development strategy for the company. Apart from this the dissertation will also highlight some of the ways to implement the newly developed strategy. Circular Distributor’s Ltd: A Brief Overview Circular Distributor’s Ltd. is an organisation which is considered as the pinnacle of information prov iding service industry. The company is in business for more than 50 years. The company mainly work as the supplier of services to the target consumers of their clients. ... Therefore it is highly recommended that that service organisations should constantly keep an eye on the turbulent marketing environment and take necessary steps in order to respond quickly to the demanding situations. The company is mainly in the business of providing direct marketing services for its clients. These include selling of informational services, door to door delivery and later came up with different publications. The company is also in a strong association with its client Lever brothers, for them the company has delivered around 10 million free samples to different households throughout the United Kingdom. The important and noticeable publications of the company include Emma’s diary, one step-ahead publication, Emma’s diary pre-school guide and married life. Each of the variants was meant for different segment of customers. For example Emma’s diary was only intended for pregnant women (Emmasdiary, n.d.). Since the company is associated into diversifi ed business lines there will be availability competitors from different segments, but the major competitors of the company are Claritas, ICD and Experian. Market Analysis: Circular Distributor’s Ltd. Circular Distributor’s Ltd. started its marketing operations in the form of scatter gun approach but later changed to distribution mode. The company generally delivered promotional leaflets as well as Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) like soaps, shampoos and tea bags among others to the households of different consumers. But such system is considered quite one-dimensional in current scenarios and therefore some new techniques were necessity for the company to survive in the long run. And with the course of time industries like FMCG had more exciting

Comparison of Eugene Henri Paul Gaugins Brooding Woman (1891) and Essay

Comparison of Eugene Henri Paul Gaugins Brooding Woman (1891) and Gabrielle with Jewel Box by Auguste Renoir (1910) - Essay Example Painted in 1910, the picture is oil on canvas, with dimensions of 82cms.high x 65.5cms. wide, and is held privately in the Ikira Collection in Geneva in Switzerland. When he painted it, Renoir was suffering from severe rheumatoid arthritis, as he did for the last 25 years of his life. His hands were so deformed that the brushes had to be strapped between his fingers and bandages worn to collect the sweat and prevent infection. He could not abandon the creative urge to paint and even direct the making of sculptures. He believed that this helped him to live as normal a life as possible, despite pain and deteriorating health. The subject here, Gabrielle Renard was his wife Aline's cousin, and nanny to his children. She joined the family at the age of 16, and was the model for many of his works. At the time of completion of 'Gabrielle with Jewel Box', she was 32 years old. The style of the painting captures the essence of the Impressionist movement, though late in his career; it still embodies the translation of light into color, giving a shimmering, atmospheric effect. It is said that he had moved on from the open air paintings which were a key feature of the Impressionist movement, where nature was captured and atmospheric conditions portrayed. This picture would seem to confirm that idea. This is something it has in common with the woman in Gaugin's work under discussion. Not that it is not natural. On the contrary, there is something totally real and comfortable about this young woman in half-undress that speaks of the realism and desire for things to be painted as they were; natural and unimpeded by imaginary additions, just the unadorned truth of what the artist perceived. This premise may be applied, in part, to 'Brooding Woman.' In order to achieve the effects mentioned earlier, Renoir used only certain colors, and as can be seen, little darkness is present to represent shadows in the background. These are merely suggested by pure and definite color in the foreground. There is chrome yellow, silver white, cobalt, and ultramarine in the necklace she wears, then vermilion and rose, in fact all the colors of his palate. As in the Gaugin, the girl is the focal point, placed within a basic triangular composition, with the arms balanced in such a way as to create a moving elliptical shape. Yet there is nothing angular in any aspect of this three dimensional construction, all is gently curved from her face to her fingers, breast to jewelry box. The circular curving movements are repeated further in the table's leg and front, the mirror's side and Gabrielle's hair, shoulders and legs. The positioning of the arms draws attention to the detailed objects she holds, a flower to pin in her hair, a jewel to be chosen fro m the box on her lap. The short, sharp brushstrokes, while creating a luminescent light in the detail of jewelry and gilded dressing table, bring the gown alive, as if it were made of feathers or delicate lace. It suggests luxury, something which Gaugin's woman is totally without. The darkest sections of the picture serve as complementary colors which give the whites, reds, golds and oranges a further vibrancy. Gaugin achieves the same effect, but with more definite use of dark against light. The most outstanding aspect

Management of medical equipment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Management of medical equipment - Essay Example The researcher analyzed all the necessary stages involved in the two sub-cycles with the help of diagrams revealing the relevant stages involved in the two sub-cycles. The researcher also included the way utilization link together; thus reducing clinical risks. The researcher revealed the necessary management and legal actions that healthcare professions should take in order to reduce risks in the clinical setting. Lastly, the conclusion provided a brief summary of the managing medical equipment in the hospital. Management of Medical Equipment Introduction The rapid technology advancement has contributed to varied changes on the way health care providers deliver services in the contemporary society. Health care providers depend on the technology in disease mitigation, diagnosis, disease prevention, health promotion and other management care practices. Medical technology has driven the direction of healthcare services, and one is the primary factor for escalating costs in the health c are delivery system. Medical technology is seen as an effective tool for improving life quality of people across the globe. Therefore, managers should employ effective methodologies for managing medical technologies efficiently. ... chnology management requires coordination and organization of hospital activities, managers should manage medical technology across the life cycles in order to minimize risks. Management of Medical Equipment Lifecycle Acquisition Sub-cycle An effective way of managing medical technology in hospitals is through following a systematic procedure in varied stages starting from acquisition to disposal. This is essential because it will help in optimizing technology assessment, reducing costs, increasing utilization and readability in the acquisition process. It also improves the care quality through effective deployment of technology. This is through the use of quality assurance standards; thus reducing hazards by efficiently managing technology risks (Abdel-aleem and Wiley InterScience 2009, p. 112). This process happens once in the medical technology lifecycle until new medical technology is replaced, when it reaches the final stage of its useful life cycle as indicated on figure 1 belo w. Technology Assessment Acquisition Figure 1: Medical Technology Life cycle Phases of Acquisition Sub-Cycle a) Technology Assessment Technology assessment is a significant phase of acquisition, and it involves examining medical devices and the implication they have on the provision of quality services in the health care. It involves assessing the performance and security of medical technologies in the hospital. The main aim of technology assessment is to inform the policy makers in the clinical setup to adopt new technologies for better provision of healthcare services (World Health Organization 2003, p. 93). Medical technology is imperative because it offers valuable information for effective decision making reimbursement and implementation of new medical device. a) Technology Planning

Moral obligations extend only to human beings Essay

Moral obligations extend only to human beings - Essay Example The moral obligations need to be legitimized before one can remark them as being conclusive or completely incomprehensible. The fact of the matter is that these moral obligations have to be performed no matter how difficult or tough it gets at the end of the day. The human beings need to understand their due role and go about completing the tasks and activities that are asked of them in the long run (Stivers, 1996). There simply does not seem to be any other ideology behind the same dictum. The moral obligations come about in the wake of the adherence to ethical and moral standards that are asked of the human beings, and how they go about executing the same is an important manifestation of their behavioral domains. Having said that it is also important to notice the kind of activities that moral obligations can actually bring to the fore as has been found through research and evidence of practice. One must fathom the fact that morality is something very integral to a person’s realms and he should therefore understand the ideology behind having it (Mullen, 2008). If there is a good amount of concentration laid on the premise that morality will come about with the performance of certain standards, which are for the betterment of the human beings in the long run, then this goes to show the amount of optimism which exists within the related circles. On the other hand, if this does not come about this easily, then there are bound to be serious repercussions for the human beings which must be discussed in entirety. In essence, the moral obligations must be understood across the board. This is because these obligations have a great amount of say in the eventual make-up of the human beings and how they conduct their tasks in relation with one another. This is the need of the hour to make sure that these moral obligations are carried out in a good enough way (Himma, 2008). It will solve the quandaries related

National Correct Coding Initiative Edit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

National Correct Coding Initiative Edit - Essay Example The NCCI Coding Policy Manual for the Medicare Services is usually updated annually by the CMS. This Coding Policy Manual should therefore be used as a general reference tool, which explains the rationale for the NCCI edits, by the FIs and the carriers (â€Å"National Correct Coding Initiative Edits†, n.d.). There are two types of NCCI Edits, which include procedure-to-procedure (PTP), and Medically Unlikely Edits (MUE). The PTP edits defines HCPCS/CPT codes which should not be reported together for various reasons, while MUE defines the maximum units of service which a provider would report on the circumstances of the same beneficiary on a single service date for each HCPCS/CPT code The NCCI edits is aimed at preventing inappropriate or improper payments after reporting of incorrect code combination. It contains two tables of edits, one for the outpatient hospital services and another for the physicians/practitioners. The Correct Coding Edits table for Column 1 – Column 2 has been combined into one table with the Mutually Exclusive Edits table and they include the code pairs, which should not be reported together for several reasons, which are explained in the Coding Policy Manual (â€Å"National Correct Coding Initiative Edits†, n.d.). A Correspondence Language Manual has also been made available. It was written and is maintained for the Medical Contractors utilization in answering routine correspondence enquiries on the MUE edits and NCCI procedure-to-procedure. The rationale for the edits are explained in the paragraphs for the general correspondence language (â€Å"The National Correct Coding Initiative in Medicaid | Medicaid.gov.†, n.d .). These guidelines consist of HCPCS or CPT procedure code-pairs, which must not be reported together. It also consists of MUEs, which determine if the procedure codes are submitted in,

Analysis of proposed legislation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of proposed legislation - Essay Example he bill claims that an individual automatically commits a crime of illegal use of firearms if he or she possesses a gun while in possession of a specific amount of a controlled substance in the country. The bill is categorical and appropriate since it makes appropriate propositions that will govern the use of firearms while strengthening other existing laws that control specific substances (Webster and Jon 32). Drug abuse for example is another closely related legal aspect the bill seeks to curb. The government has categorized numerous types of drugs as controlled substances. Such drugs as cocaine, marijuana and heroin among others are example of controlled substances. Besides the hard drugs, the government regulates the use of other medicinal drugs often proposing for prescription before any form if over the counter purchase of such drugs. Such stringent legislations are responsible for the growing illegal trade on different types of drugs in the country. Drug peddling is a major social menace responsible for the rising crime rate and extrajudicial killings in the country. Drug peddlers operate in effectively structured syndicates characterized by heightened conflicts most of which result in violent use of both legal and illegal guns in the country. This validates the unique features of the law that seeks to control the use of firearms by associating guns to drugs among other types of controlled substances in the country. The bill will criminalize being in possession of a legal firearm while in possession of a specified amount of a type of controlled substance. Such is an appropriate clause that will help curb the rising number of gun violence in the country since some of the people implicated in both drug business and gun violence are always reputable business people with legal firearms. Without the bill, such individuals may readily use their guns to settle conflicts arising from the sale and use of rugs in the country. Proponents of the bill often cite the

The Name Of The Father Essay Example for Free

The Name Of The Father Essay These are three paragraphs that i put together about the three main characters in the movie, being Gerry, Giuseppe and Joe McAndrew. It was put together to be worked into an end of year exam. Gerry Gerry was immature, even reckless in the way he lived as a young man in Belfast. While he stood on the rooftop of a house stealing scrap-metal he was stupid enough to make himself a target to the British soldiers by pretending to play his guitar with a stick, and started a riot. We saw him standing in the crowd, hurling stones at the British soldiers yelling, English Bastards, even though hes politically naà ¯ve. Even in London the pattern continued when he broke into the hookers house and stole her money, after playing with her toys. Gerry had a great love for his father and family, although we didnt often see him express it. He came to understand the true importance of his family at moments like when he was comforting his father holding the towel over his head in prison, remembering a childhood memory. We also saw when after his confrontation with Mc Andrew he put his hand on Giuseppes shoulder and offered to help with the campaign. When the police threaten to kill his father, he confesses to the bombing to save his dad. When hes in prison we saw his concern for his father when he says to Garreth Pierce, Why are you giving my father false hopes. Gerrys inner strength didnt show until he is in prison. He grows from becoming an immature young man to being a faithful and honest man much like his father. Standing up to Joe McAndrew, looking him in the eye he says, That was a good days work. Youre a real brave man, after he had torched the prison warden. Once released from prison Gerry vowed to fight on until his father is proven innocent. Joe Mc Andrew Joe Mc Andrew was a very important figure of the IRA. He was a man who followed orders and did what he had to do to execute his orders. It didnt bother him that the Conlons were wrongfully convicted as we see when he says to them, This is a war and youre one of the innocent victims. His  lifes work was based on politics as he was obsessed with driving out the English from Ireland. The Guilford Pub bombing was just one of his many doings. Mc Andrew approaches life in a fearless way. The day he strides into prison he makes a statement to all the others of his power by eating at the table, standing up for his rights. He is a power -focused person who even while in prison tries to keep the war going. We see his control in the prison at times like when he threatened the chief prisoner that if the other prisoners were mistreated hed bomb his house and kill his family. Mc Andrewss obsession with power made him become blinded by revenge. He was ultimately limited as a human being and this sometimes lead him into going to far. A time where we saw this happen was when he torched the prison warden so a new one would be assigned. He had no compassion at all, but he had a great hatred for the English. Giuseppe Giuseppe was a very kind, honest and compassionate man and he showed that in the way he took care of his family. He was a protective parent and went to any lengths to keep Gerry out of trouble. We see this when he sends him to England to start off fresh. His supportiveness shows when Gerry was in England, he offers him money to survive. He was a straightforward man who had simple aspirations in life, one of them being for him to have a stable job as a bookies clerk to support his family. Honesty was a number one priority to Giuseppe. His trademark clichà © was, Honest money goes further. Giuseppe was very persistent in everything that he did. We see this while in prison, where to get the story right he constantly keeps writing letters to Gareth Pierce even despite Gerrys disapproval. He prayed every night that he would be released from prison and reunited with his wife and family. His persistence finally lead to the truth being revealed. Giuseppe had great courage and wisdom which a llowed him to see the real good in people. He never turned his back on Gerry. When Gerry was put into prison he went to England to help him. Even while in prison we see his thought for others when he stands up to Mc Andrew saying, Dont be sorry for us, be sorry for the ones you killed.

Importance Of Wellness Programme In Organization

Importance Of Wellness Programme In Organization Unhealthy diet and lack of regular physical activity caused several bad health outcomes among employees, such as heart disease, stroke, cancer and other chronic disease (Harris Fries, 2002). According to Conlin (2007) the insurance premium and absenteeism by sick workers cost businesses $15 billion a year in United States (as cited in Scarborough, Wilson Zimmerer, 2009). Besides that, about 70% of organizations health care costs were arising from preventable chronic diseases. According to Fries, Koop, Beadle, Cooper, England, Greaves, Sokolov, and Wright (1993) preventing employees chronicle illness is the best solution for reducing organizations health care cost. According to Quintiliani, Sattelmair, and Sorensen (2007) worksite has been recognizes globally as an appropriate setting to promote wellness programme. Stokols, Pelletier Fielding (1996) also suggested that worksites wellness programme could influence employees healthy behaviour. Through direct effort health education and increasing the availability of healthy foods and opportunities for physical activity; or indirectly through social support and social norms promoting health behaviours (Sorensen, 2002). Worksites wellness programmes were also a useful way of promoting a healthy diet and frequently physical activities to employees (Engbaers, 2005). Wellness programme has commonly focused on promoting worker health in reduction of individual risk-related behavior. For instance, tobacco use, poor nutrition and other avoidable health behaviours (LaMontagne, 2004).Employees performance increased more than 2.5 times once employees health and wellness managed well (Grimard, 2009). In 2004, The United States National Workplace Health Promotion found that many companies provide various type of worksites wellness programmes (Linnan, 2004). They found that 26% provided health education, and 30% provided supportive social and physical environments, and 23.5% provided worksite screening. However, the effectiveness of worksites wellness programme is effect by various issues, such as employees participation and the organizations implementation efforts (Kumar, McCalla Lybeck, 2009). According to Tsui (2008), the implementation efforts of wellness programme in Asian companies is far from desirable although the awareness of this issue is increased. 2.0 Definition of worksites wellness program According to Gold (2009) wellness programme was defined as a holistic approach that addresses the needs of individuals, whether its mental or physical needs or anything related to their family or work. Wellness programme focus on prevention, behavioral change and also offer tools for people to know their health risks and numbers, such as their cholesterol, sugar and body mass index. Offering them ways to learn the health information and solutions, focusing on three keys areas: healthy eating, helping people quit smoking, and let employees to be more active and really address their health needs. Wellness programme was being implemented by organization nowadays to create their worksites wellness programme (Craft, 1994). According to Wolfe and Parker (1994) Worksites wellness programme are long-term organizational activities designed to promote the adoption of organizational practices and personal behaviour conducive to maintaining or improving employee physiological, mental, and social well-being. (as cited in Ho, 1997). Sullivan (2000) mentioned that worksites wellness programme was a programme that intended to keep or develop employees health before the health disease occurs. From the perspective of a manager in an organization, wellness programme have the potential to reduce medical claims costs, decrease absenteeism, improve employee productivity, recruitment, and retention (Chang, Koh, Kang, 2005). For maximum impact on employee health, a comprehensive worksites wellness programme should focus on increasing awareness of wellness issues by providing employees health info rmation, supporting health management and promoting healthy work climates. Worksites wellness programmes included what consider being traditional efforts to maintain costs, including on-site fitness centers, healthy selections in company cafeterias, health assessments, employee assistance plans, and other programs that attempt to influence the organizational culture to ensure the workplace has a strong wellness culture (Kumar, et. al, 2009). 2.1 Importance of wellness programme in organization In recent years, there was a significant increasing trend for companies to introduce wellness programmes at the worksite (The Straits Times, 1994). According to Alsagoff (1993) in 1991, for example, the Singaporean employer had to pay S$252 in medical costs on every worker, which was a growth of some 6.8 per cent over the previous year. Worksites wellness programme is very important to a company as this can be proven by those companies which had made up their mind to adopt it, most of them mentioned that the primary reason in doing so was to increase employee productivity, to meliorate employees welfare advantages and morale, and to heighten the corporate reputation of the company (Wong, 1993). Worksites wellness programmes in the Western countries have a much older history and have been proven in many cases to be associated in a beneficial way to such essential opportunity costs as employee satisfaction, job performance, health care costs, absenteeism, and employee turnover (Shephard, 1992). Some companies have also savored nonphysical advantages such as enhanced employee spirit, health and generative, employee attraction and retention, and improved image for the corporations (Connors, 1992) after their employees reduced the rate of smoking and some of them even successfully quit smoking. Fielding (1994) studies conducted at Johnson Johnson showed affirmative opportunity costs, business-unit-wide, of health promotion programmes. These studies proved that effective wellness programme effects on uniform exercise participation, fitness levels, employee satisfaction, employees medical costs, smoker quit rates and on an indirect measure of productivity. Worksites wellness programme were also found to be very important in helping employees to having a better healthy lifestyle. A study of the Travellers Insurance Company health promotion programs reported a symptom of decreasing in health claims, absenteeism and employees insurance costs; an improvement in productivity; and a return on investment of roughly US$3.40 for every US$1.00 spent (Golaszewski Yen, 1992). Besides that, a cost-benefit study reported in the literature attributed minimized health care costs to Blue Shield and Blue Cross of Indianas health promotion programs, which resulted in a refund of US$2.51 for every US$1.00 of programs involves (Elias Murphy, 1986). According to Quick (1987), US organizations continue to lead almost European and Asian organizations in employee health promotion. This same goes to the issue in Singapore where the level of awareness or interest for corporate health promotion is low (Ministry of Health, Singapore, 1993). This is amazing in view of the high economic absenteeism rate arising from illness which is about seven days of medical leave per employee in 1991 and the huge amount of corporate medical expenses about $316 of medical cost per employee and annual corporate health care cost of around $416 million (Malik, 1993). 2.2 Effects of worksites wellness programme 2.2.1 Reduced employees absenteeism in organization The figure of sick hours and days an employee uses during a calendar year is referring to absenteeism (Leong, 1993). It is an important measure for monitoring the outcome of the effect of worksite wellness programme because it involved cost savings that may useable for company to development in other area. The economic effect of employee absenteeism are mainly from the costs of decreased productivity because of absenteeism cause from employees during working days, substitution of less experienced workers and the extra expense of hiring temporary workers. Every employee took an average of seven days of medical leave which causing in 10.4 million man days lost in 1991. Studies show that by implementing worksite wellness programme, absenteeism in the workplace can be deducted to at least 42 per cent (Gebhardt Crump, 1990). The latest research by using control grouping has found relations between reduction in absenteeism, health care costs and turnover rate and implementation of examina tion health promotion programmes (Klein, 1986). It has been forecasted that poor health and injury contribute for almost 60 per cent of all lost hours from work (Conrad, 1987). The main reason for absenteeism appears to be social psychological ones, which include work stress. As so, strategies oriented towards improving employee physical and emotional well-being have the possibility for impacting a main source of employee absence. There is much more pre-experimental type literature holds up the arguments that strengthen employee fitness level through wellness programs lead to reduction in absenteeism. At Blue Cross/Blue Shield of Ohio, USA, for instant, research indicated that as number of frequenly exercise increased, absenteeism in short term because of illness will be significantly decreased. This interpreted to about a day less of absenteeism a year for each frequent exerciser compared to non-exercisers (Lynch, 1990). An inversely proportional correlation between members involve d rates and the number of inattentive from work was also recorded at The Travellers Insurance (Shillingford Mackin, 1991). 2.2.2 Increased employees job satisfaction in organization Job satisfaction has become a critical issue in the workplace. Job satisfaction impacts the wellfare of employees and exercises a significant effect on the organization. Because of its outcome for the organization, involvement in job satisfaction is particularly high, for instant absenteeism and turnover (Cherrington, 1989) and for the worker, such as physical and mental health (ODonnell Ainsworth, 1984). As so, it is very important to have a satisfied workforce to become a competitive advantage for organizations. Research has shown that satisfied employees with improved spirit are more likely to contribute and hardworking as a consequence of an increased signify of duty, responsibility and an obligation to the superior or employer (Shinew Crossley, 1988). The question mark then started to come into the scenario whether introduce to worksite wellness programme would be applicable to increase employees spirit sufficiently to result in better job satisfaction. Affirmation to this question mark can be provided and shown by companies such as Johnson Johnson General Electric. For instant, in 1987, General Electric Company in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA served and functioned as host for a research to examine and note the similarities or differences of employees recreation participation with those of employees fitness participation. Comparison of overall job satisfaction among different employees and absenteeism were chosen randomly from a total of 900 employees through computerized personnel file. Results showed that employees who involves at any stage showed high job satisfaction and lesser absenteeism rate than employees who never take part from the beginning until the end (Baun, 1986). 2.2.3 Reduced employees stress in organization Stress in organizations is a serious issue among management practitioners because of its nonadaptive phenomenon on organizational effectiveness. According to the 1993 World Labour Report from the International Labour Organization, in twentieth century stress has become one of the most concern health issues. In the USA, job stress has been approximated to cost industries around US$200 billion every year, and stress is estimated to price up to 10 per cent of the gross national product in the United Kingdom (Tang Harumontree, 1992). There is research prove that frequently links occupational stress with certain physical health symptoms and diseases. Different kind of cancer, heart disease, migraine, allergies, ulcers, depression and an increased tendency of minor ailments for instant flu and colds which have been associated with stress (Sethi Schuler, 1990). Nowadays, there is a growing body of experimental and clinical research confirming the notion that physical fitness can direct to significant reductions in job stress. Uniform and exact physical activity has been shown to lessen the percentage of heart attacks, heart rate, mental disorders, muscle tension , blood pressure all and stress-interrelated indications. Research showed that frequently doing exercise can assist individuals by improving the level of resistance to any stimulus, so that a person is less expose to the effects of stress (Tarkan, 1991). Experts also stated that the best way that stress can be reduced were through joining fitness centre, yoga classes and educational seminars (Mobley, 1982). 2.3 The challenges of wellness programme in organization The United States 2004 National Worksite Health Promotion Survey reports that a successful worksite wellness programmes have facing five challenges (Linnan, Bowling, Childress, Lindsay, Blakey, Pronk, Wieker Royall, 2008). The survey found the following challenges; incompetence to prompt the support from upper management , 38% ; inadequate funds, 48.2%; failure to engage high-risk employees, 48%; insufficient staff resources, 50.1% , and lack of employee interest, 63.5% . According to Birken and Linnan (2006) these challenges should be identifying and addressing them by employers during the planning process as following. 2.3.1 Incompetence to prompt the support from upper management- The different level of management in the organization has different perception for the challenges to implement the worksites wellness programme (Orlandi, 1996). For example, the line supervisor or middle managers believe that the cost, space and production conflict were barriers while the senior manager had less focused and putting fewer efforts to overcome this challenge. 2.3.2 Inadequate funds- The lack of funds are the challenges often occurs when insufficient staff resources exists. When the worksites wellness programme is lack of designated staff to monitor, some potential funding or sources of support will be passed over. In United States, The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention provided organizations opportunities to funding for worksite wellness program (www.cdc.gov, 2010). 2.3.3 Failure to engage high-risk employees- High risk employees are those that have more health risk factors or those that have already tight with a chronic disease or illness (Haynes Dunnagan, 2002). High-risk employees might face challenges to participating in worksite wellness program than low-risk employees such as they will feel ill when participate in physical exercise programs (Emmons, Linnan, Abrams Lovell, 1996). According to Loeppke (2009) employers should integrating more personalized approach to encourage high risk employees to participate in the programs. For example, the employers should conducting a health coaching by using motivational interviewing to help the high risk employees changing their lifestyle behaviour to obtain healthier lifestyle. 2.3.4 Lack of Staff Resources- Staff resources are barriers for any program or activity that are not linked directly with companys business operation. Organization should provide staffs that interested and willing to organize the wellness programmes externally-sponsored training programs and wellness education workshop. For example, North Carolina State Division of Public Health has cooperated with the North Caronila State Health Plan to provide training workshop for state employees and teachers who interested in organizing employee wellness programme (www.statehealthplan.state.nc.us, 2006). 2.3.5 Lack of Employee Interest-. Employees interest in changing their behaviour and commitment to worksite wellness programme is the biggest challenges to a quality wellness program (Bonvissuto, 2010). According to Young (2006) some employees does not recognize the impact of worksite wellness programme which can enhance their personal health. Employees will lack of interest to participate for the worksite wellness programme due to this factor. A survey shows some reasons the employees not interesting in wellness program (Bates, 2009). The reasons shows as following: Inconvenient times of the program offered Lack of child care support The company benefits through this program and how it will affect the employees not being explained The program purpose is not clearly explained by organizer The advantages of the program to the employees cannot convey by lower level management under their authority Employees are annoyed and mistrustful with employer The program cost money to participants Hawks and Richins (1994) found that women were more probable to withdraw wellness programme than men (as cited in Erickson Gillespie, 1999 ). Hochschild (1989) explained this is caused by the family responsibility of married women as they need caring their children and keeping house. This will affects working women interest in participate the worksite wellness programme as they need to spend more time to caring their children after working hours. 2.4 The implementation process in worksites wellness programme The Wellness Council of America (WELCOA) was a United States not-for-profit organization which helped enhance the worksites wellness in the U.S (Hunnicutt Leffelman, 2008). WELCOA has become one of the important resources for worksite wellness in America and it have more than 3,200 organizations joined for its membership. Throughout the study of worksite wellness program for over 20 years, WELCOA Well Workplace model had defined seven critical steps for worksites wellness programme as following. 2.4.1 Capturing CEO Support- Gaining support from CEO is important to the process of developing worksite wellness programme. They found that some wellness programme that involved cost and tend to improve employees health failed to get a strong level management support. 2.4.2 Creating Cohesive Wellness Teams- After captured the CEO support the next process is create a cohesive wellness team. Teams are important to building successful wellness programmes. They help to distribute the responsibility for wellness throughout the organization. 2.4.3 Collecting Data to Drive Health Efforts- For the wellness team, their primary responsibility is to gather important data before start offering appropriate programmes. The data will be collected by using health risk appraisals, knowledge and interest surveys, and corporate culture audit. Data will clarify the specific area of health needs and interests within the organization so it is very important. 2.4.4 Carefully Crafting an Operating Plan- When the essential data have being collected, the organization has to develop health and wellness operating plan for employees. This operating plan will function as a roadmap and guidance to the company in order to having essential efforts and investment in workplace wellness. 2.4.5 Choosing Appropriate Interventions- After completed the first four processes, organization should begin selecting and implementing suitable wellness programme. These programmes include weight management, smoking cessation, physical management, stress management, and others. The selection of wellness programme is depends on what the companys data exposes. 2.4.6 Creating a Supportive Environment- Once choosing the appropriate interventions, organization should create a supportive environment for the programme. The employees will be supported and participated actively in the programme by having a supportive environment. The environmental interventions can be in the form of policies, physical modifications, incentives, and rewards. 2.4.7 Carefully Evaluating Outcomes- The final process for this model is carefully evaluating outcomes. The organizations should make the programme evaluation consistently. The evaluation targets include cost control, participant satisfaction, the participation rate, and behaviour modification. 2.5 The implementation methods of worksites wellness programme A survey shows that more than 81% of American businesses with 50 or more employees have offering worksites wellness programme (Homan, Nickelson, Zhu, 2007). The most popular wellness programme offered by businesses are smoking cessation, financial incentives, and physical activities or exercises. The selected program should be aligned with the organization factors which including: individual employee demographics, the company occupation, the employees health characteristic and companys objectives and goals. 2.5.1 Smoking Cessation Smoking is one of the most addictive habits, influencing behaviour of human beings and it is the biggest threats to world health (Yanbaeva, Dentener, Creutzberg, Wesseling Wouters, 2007). Peoples which smoke for life long will have a higher occurrence of common diseases such as atherosclerosis and lung cancer. Smoking cessation to employees is one of the methods which use by organizations in its wellness programme (Willemsem, Meijer Jannik, 1999). Smoking cessation in worksites is important as it will reduce non-smoker employee exposure of smoking and reducing workers tobacco consumption during working hour. 2.5.2 Financial Incentives Spaeder (2008) mentioned that worksites wellness programme also includes financial incentives and it applies in many companies (as cited in Kumar, et al., 2009). More than 70% of employees agreed that incentives programme motivate them to achieving healthy lifestyle. According to Cohn (2008), these incentives include cash prize, gift cards, or health insurance premiums. However, worksite wellness programmes financial incentives are bound by law (Mello Rosenthal, 2008). Under the provision of The United States Federal Law, The HIPAA Nondiscrimination Rules had determined the rules and regulations for employer which implementing incentives wellness programme in its organization (www.dol.gov, 2010). 2.5.3 Stress management The United States industry has been paid for employees stress-related absenteeism in high cost which affects more organization to develop stress management programme (Donovan Kleiner, 1994). Employees stress derived from these sources; physical, mental, and situational. Over work and poor diet are some causes that employees having physical stress. Mental stress can be found from employees mental state in mind such as fears. Situational stress is derived from employees interaction with outside world which including interaction with customers. The organization will determine the sources of stress facing by employees and implement appropriate methods to overcome their stress. Johnson Johnsons Live for Live programs which consist of stress management had significantly reduced employees absenteeism and health care expenditure( Ozminkowski, Goetzel, Bruno, Rutter, Isaac Wang, 2002). 2.5.4 Fitness programme Worksites fitness programmes are important for organization as it can lower employees absenteeism and job turnover (Wattles Harris, 2003). In United States, the fitness program offered by organizations such as on-site fitness centers has increased from 22% in 1985 to 42% in 1992. Besides reduce absenteeism and job turnover, participation in fitness activities can reduce employees risk of coronary heart disease (Cox Griffths, 1996). The majority of the regular exercisers reported they have less depression, stress and better sleep pattern. 2.5.5 Online Wellness Coach Some companies had also used online wellness coach to as their worksites wellness programme (Kumar, et al., 2009). The worlds biggest security company, American District Telegraph (ADT) had tackled employees health condition through their parent companys website, www.mytycohr.com. The major function of this website is enable the employees to check the companys wellness policies and apply health benefits that the company offers. The employees use this website as a guidance to manage stress, evade smoking, improving diet and other activities that will improve employees health. 2.5.6 Wellness Mentors Organization can also implementing wellness programme which conducting by the experts as worksites wellness mentors (Pollitt, 2007). Cadbury UK had implemented Nuffield Proactive Health (NPH) which conducted by NPH physiologist as their wellness programme. The employees who participated in this program were be given presentation from experts which covering various health and have an opportunity to reform positive team spirit during workout activities such as short-distance walk. The employees assessment for this wellness program was positive as 82 per cent employees increased awareness of their health and 52 per cent felt less stressed for works. 2.6 Case Summary This case study is about high absenteeism and healthcare cost by sick workers had effects some organizations to implement wellness policies. Wellness programme being designed as they found that about 70% sick workers healthcare cost was arise from preventable chronic diseases. As a result, one-third of small companies offer wellness programme such as onsite or offsite fitness centre, smoking cessation programmes, onsite health checks and others. Despite improving employees health, they will obtain impressive return on investment: which more than three dollars for every dollar they invested. Crown Laboratories had implemented wellness programmes as the employees absenteeism rate and healthcare cost was high. Its wellness programmes included onsite health assessments and smoking cessation even off hours to employees. Another company Weyco also implemented smoking cessation policy which the employees will be dismissing for failing stop smoking. Organizations smoking cessation policy may face employees dissatisfaction. Scotts Miracle-Gro Inc. had sued by its employees for alleging discrimination by law but the case is pending. 3.0 Question 1 What are the advantages and disadvantages of wellness policies such as the one that Crown Lab has implemented? 3.0.1 The Advantages of Wellness Programme The advantages of wellness programme is for organizations which offer wellness programmes to their employees are perceived more confidently by their employees in terms of their attitudes towards the organizations, job fulfillment stages and satisfaction with fringe benefits. One viewpoint is that employers who offer wellness programmes are deemed to be indicating care and concern for the welfare of their employees (Shinew Crossley, 1988) and the consequence is, improving employees attitudes and behaviour towards the organization. In terms of job satisfaction, employees in organizations with wellness programmes showing higher levels of job satisfaction than those with no wellness programmes, thus implying that wellness programmes may well have a positive impact on employees job satisfaction. This can be proven by the study by General Motor Company which shows that employees who involved in the fitness activities showed higher levels of job satisfaction than employees who did not take part (Baun, 1986). The reason is that frequently exercise improves employees state of feeling, self-image and self-esteem which in other land may direct to a larger amount of satisfaction with the work he or she does (Pritchard, 1990). Employees also uttered that they value wellness programmes as a vital and valuable fringe benefit, and the absence of such a gain may lead to better employee satisfaction. This can be viewed in the outcome whereby workforce in organizations with wellness programmes were notably more fulfilled with their fringe benefits than their counterparts in organizations with no wellness programmes (Schauffler Rodriguez, 1994). On the one hand, the Government has been promoting healthy living for example The great Singapore workout as a result causing people to be further health-conscious, and on the other hand, sarcastically, only a small number of organizations provide corporate wellness programmes for their workers and take it critically sufficient to allow it to be advantageous for their workers. 3.0.2 The Disadvantages of wellness programme. The first disadvantage of wellness programme is about privacy issues. Employees have true concerns regarding how their personal information will be handled. Many wellness programs have need of some sort of early assessment, and this evaluation can expose many wellbeing issues that the employee may hope to keep private (Lindsey, 1992). If an employee has an embarrassing illness or one that possibly will make him up to discrimination, he may not take part for fear of revelation. The second disadvantage is about the start-up cost incur in wellness programme. Many wide-ranging programs cost a good bit of capital to begin, which gets recouped after a while (Jackie, 1998). Although it may be an excellent proposal for an organization, starting an employee wellness program could not be a wise suggestion given your companys financial position at the time. The third disadvantage is the time constraint. According to American Heart Association (AHA) many single parents, employees with huge families and small children or those with an intense workload might not have the time to vigorously involvement in employee wellness programmes. If employee wellness is a true company main concern, then changes may possibly have to be made in work flow and procedures sequentially to let for involvement by employees. Lastly, the disadvantage of the wellness programme is the employee habits. Those employees who are health aware are by now exercising and watching what they consume. Companies arent going to alter their way of life with a wellness program. Those who need to adjust their lifestyle may keep away from joining as they are not actually motivated to make the changes crucially to be fit (Laura, 1999). In this situation, unless companies are doing a good job with promoting and recruiting for the program then companies will have an ideal wellness program that it should be. 3.1 Question 2 What are the ethical implications of policies such as this? How much control should companies have over employees lifestyles away from the workplace? Crown lab and Scotts Miracle-Gro companies throws up several ethical concerns linked with the position of organizations in the lives of their employees. One of the concerns is that commercial motives may break ethical norms in the use of information resulting since the monitoring of employee programmes. Fielding (1990) notes the significance of employee reliance that confidentiality will be maintained and relates this to concerns over employee observation and broader arguments over the right of privacy. This relates back to Conrad and Walshs (1992) concern over the ethics of screening for health and fitness. Ethical issues take place when employers have to make decisions among economic and humanistic alternatives for instance, possible sick time, lower output, or whether the human caring position is prioritized. Employees might be positioned in a difficult condition, whereby implicit pressure is applied to fulfill with an exacting healthy lifestyle communication. Next, Grant and Bris bin (1992) also stated that consideration have to be given to the expected objections which will be raised by the non-health a

The Application Of Orff Music Pedagogy Education Essay

The Application Of Orff Music Pedagogy Education Essay There are a number of reasons that the Orff Music Pedagogy has been chosen on the topic of this essay. The basic issue at present in China is entrenched pattern of music education that means the Chinese music experts and teachers do not accept the new concepts of music pedagogy, instead of that, they still employed the traditional music pedagogy owning to the personality of the Chinese. Therefore, there are some problems, such as students lack creativity, the low teaching quality and the low quality of students. After 20th century, with the rapid development of music education in China, majority Chinese music educators pay attention on the music teaching. The Chinese teaching content and teaching method urgently should be reformed. Orff Music Pedagogy might be the appropriate music pedagogy to change the current situation in China. In the later part of this essay, I will discuss the positive and negative of Orff Music Pedagogy in order to retain the strengths and discard the weakness to apply this music pedagogy to Chinese music pedagogy. This essay will discuss two sides of Orff Music Pedagogy. For one aspect, this essay will evaluate of the advantages of applying the Orff Music Pedagogy in Chinese primary schools, which includes the effective stimulation and the improvement on Childrens creativity and personal quality, the Asia culture might be proved to be suitable, the benefits on Chinese music education. For another aspect, the disadvantages containing the obstacle of culture difference, the problem of insufficient equipments available in China will also be taken into consideration. Before moving on, the background to Orffs method will be outlined. Dr. Carl Orff, the distinguished German composer, who is also the founder of Orff Music Pedagogy, met Dorothee Guenther in Munich, 1924 and originated the scheme of a new kind of rhythmical education. Dr. Carl Orff (1983) explained that this idea regarding the interaction and interpretation between movement and music education was then be plotted and practiced since that time. The notion of Orff Music Pedagogy, also known as the Orff Schulwerk approach, can be concluded as the implementation of combining music, movement, drama, and speech into the classrooms of children music education, creating a relaxed environment and atmosphere that are similar to the childrens world. The Orffs approach to music education has numerous advantages to children, but suffice it to say that the leading advantage is that it demands the innovation of the teachers and involves all sensory dimensions such as virtual, physical, and aural asp ect of the children during their learning process. The positive effects of applying Orff Music Pedagogy can be viewed from the following aspects. Firstly, Orff Schulwerk Music Pedagogy, which confers a favorable learning environment, can provide children with much more creativity, in their music education, than traditional teaching methods. In Music Pedagogy, music is a means to teach a man become a talent and because Orffs method has the very advantage to teach efficiently, Orff Schulwerk should be widely used in China (Dr. Clausel S.L.S. 1998). In Dr. S.L.S. Clausels article (1998), he pointed out that Orff-Schulwerk Music Method is effective in teaching children music especially when using Orff approach to create an interactive environment with other peers. In this case, the quality of the students could then be improved. Additionally, as the nature of Orff Music Pedagogy is innovative and interactive, stated by Dr. Brock in 1977, this practice could largely enable the primary school focus more on the esthetic aspect. In fact, whe n applying the Orff Music Pedagogy to the classes, esthetic features must be the kernel, for the approach requires the involvement of various sensory organs so that children can do dancing, clapping and singing. Moreover, the innovation and creativity can be promoted during the learning process with Orffs approach. In addition, Clausel suggested that Orff method is suitable for an Asia culture because it can provide a relaxed environment for children in order to widen childrens interest, arousing innovative ideas and improving the students quality, which has nothing to do with cultures. Nowadays, many problems exist in Chinese music teaching, for instance, students lack the interest of learning music. Orff Schulwerk is an efficient way to change that situation, since it is a method that can stimulate students interest regardless its culture. There is an example in Japan. Dr. Carl Orff himself mentioned in his speech (25th October 1983) that the Japanese children were responding to his approach spontaneously and teachers had become open-minded. Researched and studied in Japan in 1962, Dr. Carl Orff, the initiator of the Orff Music Pedagogy, was able to witness how compatibly and naturally his ideas are adapted and applicable to an Eastern culture. If the music educator could take a step forward, Japanese children could get accustomed and be effectively educated by Orffs approach. Therefore Chinese children who share similar cultures with the Japanese should likewise be absorbed the music knowledge effectively. Furthermore, even though the current music education in China is confronting a number of obstacles and problems, they can be conquered by introducing the Orff Music Pedagogy to China. A recent article composed by Ding (2006) pointed out the difficulties of the music education in contemporary China and they are: the unclear positioning of music education, the overlook of the esthetic aspect and the poor quality of teachers and students. The localization of the music education is not in the control of the teachers but the emphasis of the esthetic practice and the quality of the teachers could be improved by the application of Orffs approach. As a whole, this should be significant as Orff Music Pedagogy fundamentally surmounts two or three barriers in Chinese music education that China is facing in the modern world. Despite of the fact that the Orff Music Pedagogy has been used worldwide, there are still some difficulties of applying this westernized methodology of music teaching to Chinese primary schools because of the intractable cultural customs and language difference. Burnaby and Sun (Jun., 1989) have revealed a number of problems in their article when applying the western teaching methods to the Chinese education. They have put forward a variety of linguistic problems that the Chinese students are facing and some Western teaching styles are only applicable to a particular range of students in China. According to what Burnaby and Sun have researched, the Orff Music Pedagogy, which is a German music education approach, might not be feasible or less efficient if applied to China. At the same time, the research that Burnaby and Sun have done was mainly concentrated on language teaching and the Orffs notion is about music educating. Hence, it could make a difference when education is in the re alm of music as music is beyond the nations and languages. Besides, the sizes of the primary school classes in China and the availability of certain instruments and equipments are the most significant disadvantages when applying the Orff Music Pedagogy to China. On the one hand, the average size of a class for primary schools in China is around sixty and it has been criticized because there are little or no interactions between the teachers and the students. Its the same when music education is being conducted in Chinese primary schools. As it is mentioned before, the Orff Music Pedagogy will require a great deal of teacher-student interactions and tremendous size of the class will make the approach hard to implement. On the other hand, there are insufficient equipments provided in the Chinese schools as mentioned by Hamilton and Hilree J. (2005) in his article. It is evident that without professional instruments and teaching tools, Orff Music Pedagogy cannot be carried out in an efficient way or even unable to proceed at all. Thus, short-te rm speaking, the changes of this condition which involves training teachers, minimizing class size and purchasing equipments should take a long time and huge amount of financial funds, which is actually the disadvantage of applying this approach. Nevertheless, the situation of having insufficient resources should be better in the future time, for the Chinese economy is booming and financial funds allocated on education are increasing. Based on Dings (2006) perspective and for long-term consideration, the size of the classes in China could be smaller and schools could be better equipped, making the application of Orff Music Pedagogy more apposite and feasible, which will benefit the Chinese children in the primary schools invaluably in terms of music education. In conclusion, the application of Orff Music Pedagogy in Chinese primary schools has greater amount of advantages than the disadvantages. In simple language, Orff Schulwerk Music Pedagogy is conducive to Chinese primary school because it is a good method for cultivating students, besides that, it could motivate childrens interests and creativity effectively and most importantly this method could benefit Chinese music education in future times. However, owning to a kind of western musical pedagogies, Orff music approach may be not completely suitable for the current music education in China due to the limitation of resources and culture difference. Most significantly, the advantages are more crucial and vital comparing to the disadvantages as discussed above because those barriers and obstacles such as lack of fund and resources have solutions. Short-term speaking, there might be more disadvantages and less benefits. Nevertheless, to a long-term consideration, the application of Orff Music Pedagogy in Chinese primary schools could have a far-reaching effect to the Chinese music education system and that influence tends to be positive. One cannot underestimate this influence as it could benefit millions and millions of Chinese young children and the creativity arouse by Orff Music Pedagogy in the primary schools may lead a Chinese young child to compose his own masterpiece and become predominant in the future. All in all, the application of Orff Music Pedagogy can be both a lens through which we can see the future of Chinese primary music education and a mirror reflecting its unparalleled teaching notion and well-developed methods. References List: Burnaby, B. Sun, Y. L. (1989). Chinese Teachers Views of Western Language Teaching: Context Informs Paradigms, TESOL Quarterly, 23(2), 219-238. Brock, (1977), Innovative music education: an investigation and comparison of the teaching methods of Carl Orff, Zoltan Kodaly, and Madeleine Carabo-Cone, (OCLCs Experimental Thesis, University of Mississippi, 1977). Retrieved from Carl, O. (1983, October). Orff-Schulwerk Past and Future. Paper present at the opening of the Orff Institute in Salzburg. Published by Schotts, B, The translation is by Murray,M. Clausel, S.L.S. ( n.d). Applications of Cambornes model of literacy learning and the Orff-Schulwerk Music method to the development of a curriculum model for Mississippi music education, The University of Mississippi. Ding, M. M. (2006). The development and the reform of the music education in China since1980. (Master dissertation, University of Wuhan Conservatory of music, 2006). Retrieved from Hamilton, Hilree, J. (2005). Echos from a Teaching Adventure in China. Teaching music, 13(2), 24.

The Character of Lady Macbeth :: GCSE Coursework Macbeth Essays

The Character of Lady Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The character of Lady Macbeth is a complex one, there is much that can be said regarding the juxtaposition of ideas concerning her behavior. Within this essay I shall attempt to elaborate on her forceful, selfish and contradictory character. Samuel Johnson within ‘The Plays of Shakespeare’ highlights how ambition of a protagonist leads to detestation on the part of the readers: Or in other words an ambitious nature can be used as a tool by the playwright to produce a sense of loathing and dislike amongst the audience.   The dangers presented by ambition are well described; In Shakespeare's time, it was necessary to warn credulity against vain and illusive predictions. These passions are directed to their true end. Lady Macbeth is merely detested; and though the courage of Macbeth preserves some esteem, yet every reader rejoices at his fall. (133) In "Memoranda: Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth," Sarah Siddons comments on the Lady's cold manner:   [Macbeth] announces the King's approach; and she, insensible it should seem to all the perils which he has encountered in battle, and to all the happiness of his safe return to her, -- for not one kind word of greeting or congratulations does she offer, -- is so entirely swallowed up by the horrible design, which has probably been suggested to her by his letters, as to have forgotten both the one and the other. (56)   In his book, ‘On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy’, H. S. Wilson describes the role of Lady Macbeth: ‘Professor Kittredge used to point out to his classes that Lady Macbeth, in urging Macbeth to act, uses the three arguments that every wife, some time or other, uses to every husband: "You promised me you'd do it!" "You'd do it if you loved me!" "If I were a man, I'd do it myself!" But Macbeth's mind is made up by her assurance that they may do it safely by fixing the guilt upon Duncan's chamberlains. (72)’   L.C. Knights in the essay "Macbeth" describes the unnaturalness of Lady Macbeth's words and actions:   Ã¢â‚¬ËœThus the sense of the unnaturalness of evil is evoked not only be repeated explicit references ("nature's mischief," "nature seems dead," " 'Tis unnatural, even like the deed that's done," and so on) but by the expression of unnatural sentiments and an unnatural violence of tone in such things as Lady Macbeth's invocation of the "spirits" who will "unsex" her, and her affirmation that she would murder the babe at her breast if she had sworn to do it.

The Economic Quest for the Development of Cuba Essay -- Essays Papers

The Economic Quest for the Development of Cuba Introduction: To state lightly, Americans generally frown upon communist countries. Though there are the obvious grievances of political and ideological differences that will not be discussed in this paper, the opinions with respect to the economy have also sparked heated discourse. Those that are capitalists feel that without a free market and the power of the invisible hand, the economy will not be efficient and eventually crumble. And in most cases, this assumption was true in the twentieth century. But with Cuba, a red country, communism may not be the major factor to blame at the present. Some feel Cuba has not focused enough on industrial growth, while others say it is the lack of physical capital combined with Cuba ´s inability to attract foreign direct investment. Yet most agree that as a small third world country in today ´s global economy, Cuba is facing many challenges to keep up with the pace of the world. In spite of its current condition, this country still has significan t economic potential. In reality, it is quite astounding to look upon Cuba and what this small country has had to encounter in the past fifteen years. At the start of the 1990 ´s, an economic crisis struck Cuba. When the Soviet Union collapsed and the socialist bloc disappeared, Cuba, being heavily reliant on this alliance, suffered immense economic consequences. The Soviet Union was Cuba ´s trading partner and vital contributor through investments, provision of resources and technology. Because of their socialist relationship, eighty-five percent of Cuba ´s trade[,...] including sugar and citrus fruit [was with the Soviet Union, while at the same time] eighty-eight percent of Cuba ´s i... ...d the Development Prospects of Cuba. Developing Prospects in Cuba: An Agenda in the Making. London: Institute of Latin American Studies, 2002. Monreal, Pedro. Export Substituition Reindustrialisation in Cuba: Development Strategies Revisited. Developing Prospects in Cuba: An Agenda in the Making. London: Institute of Latin American Studies, 2002. Oficina Nacional de Estadisticas (ONE) (1999), Anuario estadistico de Cuba 1998 (Havana). Oficina Nacional de Estadisticas (ONE) (1999a), Anuario estadistico de Cuba 1998 (Havana). Saney. Isaac. Cuba: A Revolution in Motion. Ed. Brenda Conroy. London: Fernwood, 2004. Snow, Anita. Cuba ´s economic growth slows. Associated Press. 21 December 2002. Academic Universe. 22 Jan. 2005 . Taylor, John. Economics: Fourth Edition. Ed. Jean L. Woy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2004.

The Host Chapter 14: Disputed

It was too much for both of us, seeing him here, now, after already accepting that we'd never see him again, after believing that we'd lost him forever. It froze me solid, made me unable to react. I wanted to look at Uncle Jeb, to understand his heartbreaking answer in the desert, but I couldn't move my eyes. I stared at Jared's face, uncomprehending. Melanie reacted differently. â€Å"Jared,† she cried; through my damaged throat the sound was just a croak. She jerked me forward, much the same way as she had in the desert, assuming control of my frozen body. The only difference was that this time, it was by force. I wasn't able to stop her fast enough. She lurched forward, raising my arms to reach out for him. I screamed a warning at her in my head, but she wasn't listening to me. She was barely aware that I was even there. No one tried to stop her as she staggered toward him. No one but me. She was within inches of touching him, and still she didn't see what I saw. She didn't see how his face had changed in the long months of separation, how it had hardened, how the lines pulled in different directions now. She didn't see that the unconscious smile she remembered would not physically fit on this new face. Only once had she seen his face turn dark and dangerous, and that expression was nothing to the one he wore now. She didn't see, or maybe she didn't care. His reach was longer than mine. Before Melanie could make my fingers touch him, his arm shot out and the back of his hand smashed into the side of my face. The blow was so hard that my feet left the ground before my head slammed into the rock floor. I heard the rest of my body hit the floor with dull thumps, but I didn't feel it. My eyes rolled back in my head, and a ringing sound shimmered in my ears. I fought the dizziness that threatened to spin me unconscious. Stupid, stupid, I whimpered at her. I told you not to do that! Jared's here, Jared's alive, Jared's here. She was incoherent, chanting the words like they were lyrics to a song. I tried to focus my eyes, but the strange ceiling was blinding. I twisted my head away from the light and then swallowed a sob as the motion sent daggers of agony through the side of my face. I could barely handle the pain of this one spontaneous blow. What hope did I have of enduring an intensive, calculated onslaught? There was a shuffle of feet beside me; my eyes moved instinctively to find the threat, and I saw Uncle Jeb standing over me. He had one hand half stretched out toward me, but he hesitated, looking away. I raised my head an inch, stifling another moan, to see what he saw. Jared was walking toward us, and his face was the same as those of the barbarians in the desert-only it was beautiful rather than frightening in its fury. My heart faltered and then beat unevenly, and I wanted to laugh at myself. Did it matter that he was beautiful, that I loved him, when he was going to kill me? I stared at the murder in his expression and tried to hope that rage would win out over expediency, but a true death wish evaded me. Jeb and Jared locked eyes for a long moment. Jared's jaw clenched and unclenched, but Jeb's face was calm. The silent confrontation ended when Jared suddenly exhaled in an angry gust and took a step back. Jeb reached down for my hand and put his other arm around my back to pull me up. My head whirled and ached; my stomach heaved. If it hadn't been empty for days, I might have thrown up. It was like my feet weren't touching the ground. I wobbled and pitched forward. Jeb steadied me and then gripped my elbow to keep me standing. Jared watched all this with a teeth-baring grimace. Like an idiot, Melanie struggled to move toward him again. But I was over the shock of seeing him here and less stupid than she was now. She wouldn't break through again. I locked her away behind every bar I could create in my head. Just be quiet. Can't you see how he loathes me? Anything you say will make it worse. We're dead. But Jared's alive, Jared's here, she crooned. The quiet in the cavern dissolved; whispers came from every side, all at the same time, as if I'd missed some cue. I couldn't make out any meanings in the hissing murmurs. My eyes darted around the mob of humans-every one of them an adult, no smaller, younger figure among them. My heart ached at the absence, and Melanie fought to voice the question. I hushed her firmly. There wasn't anything to see here, nothing but anger and hatred on strangers' faces, or the anger and hatred on Jared's face. Until another man pushed his way through the whispering throng. He was built slim and tall, his skeletal structure more obvious under his skin than most. His hair was washed out, either pale brown or a dark, nondescript blond. Like his bland hair and his long body, his features were mild and thin. There was no anger in his face, which was why it held my eye. The others made way for this apparently unassuming man as if he had some status among them. Only Jared didn't defer to him; he held his ground, staring only at me. The tall man stepped around him, not seeming to notice the obstacle in his path any more than he would a pile of rock. â€Å"Okay, okay,† he said in an oddly cheery voice as he circled Jared and came to face me. â€Å"I'm here. What have we got?† It was Aunt Maggie who answered him, appearing at his elbow. â€Å"Jeb found it in the desert. Used to be our niece Melanie. It seemed to be following the directions he gave her.† She flashed a dirty look at Jeb. â€Å"Mm-hm,† the tall, bony man murmured, his eyes appraising me curiously. It was strange, that appraisal. He looked as if he liked what he saw. I couldn't fathom why he would. My gaze shied away from his, to another woman-a young woman who peered around his side, her hand resting on his arm-my eyes drawn by her vivid hair. Sharon! Melanie cried. Melanie's cousin saw the recognition in my eyes, and her face hardened. I pushed Melanie roughly to the back of my head. Shhh! â€Å"Mm-hm,† the tall man said again, nodding. He reached one hand out to my face and seemed surprised when I recoiled from it, flinching into Jeb's side. â€Å"It's okay,† the tall man said, smiling a little in encouragement. â€Å"I won't hurt you.† He reached toward my face again. I shrunk into Jeb's side like before, but Jeb flexed his arm and nudged me forward. The tall man touched my jaw below my ear, his fingers gentler than I expected, and turned my face away. I felt his finger trace a line on the back of my neck, and I realized that he was examining the scar from my insertion. I watched Jared's face from the corner of my eye. What this man was doing clearly upset him, and I thought I knew why-how he must have hated that slender pink line on my neck. Jared frowned, but I was surprised that some of the anger had drained from his expression. His eyebrows pulled together. It made him look confused. The tall man dropped his hands and stepped away from me. His lips were pursed, his eyes alight with some challenge. â€Å"She looks healthy enough, aside from some recent exhaustion, dehydration, and malnourishment. I think you've put enough water back into her so that the dehydration won't interfere. Okay, then.† He made an odd, unconscious motion with his hands, as if he were washing them. â€Å"Let's get started.† Then his words and his brief examination fit together and I understood-this gentle-seeming man who had just promised not to hurt me was the doctor. Uncle Jeb sighed heavily and closed his eyes. The doctor held a hand out to me, inviting me to put mine in his. I clenched my hands into fists behind my back. He looked at me carefully again, appraising the terror in my eyes. His mouth turned down, but it was not a frown. He was considering how to proceed. â€Å"Kyle, Ian?† he called, craning his neck to search the assembly for the ones he summoned. My knees wobbled when the two big black-haired brothers pressed their way forward. â€Å"I think I need some help. Maybe if you were to carry -† the doctor, who did not look quite so tall standing beside Kyle, began to say. â€Å"No.† Everyone turned to see where the dissent had come from. I didn't need to look, because I recognized the voice. I looked at him anyway. Jared's eyebrows pressed down hard over his eyes; his mouth was twisted into a strange grimace. So many emotions ran across his face, it was hard to pin one down. Anger, defiance, confusion, hatred, fear†¦ pain. The doctor blinked, his face going slack with surprise. â€Å"Jared? Is there a problem?† â€Å"Yes.† Everyone waited. Beside me, Jeb was holding the corners of his lips down as if they were trying to lift into a grin. If that was the case, then the old man had an odd sense of humor. â€Å"And it is?† the doctor asked. Jared answered through his teeth. â€Å"I'll tell you the problem, Doc. What's the difference between letting you have it or Jeb putting a bullet in its head?† I trembled. Jeb patted my arm. The doctor blinked again. â€Å"Well† was all he said. Jared answered his own question. â€Å"The difference is, if Jeb kills it, at least it dies cleanly.† â€Å"Jared.† The doctor's voice was soothing, the same tone he'd used on me. â€Å"We learn so much each time. Maybe this will be the time -â€Å" â€Å"Hah!† Jared snorted. â€Å"I don't see much progress being made, Doc.† Jared will protect us, Melanie thought faintly. It was hard to concentrate enough to form words. Not us, just your body. Close enough†¦ Her voice seemed to come from some distance, from outside my pounding head. Sharon took a step forward so that she stood half in front of the doctor. It was a strangely protective stance. â€Å"There's no point in wasting an opportunity,† she said fiercely. â€Å"We all realize that this is hard for you, Jared, but in the end it's not your decision to make. We have to consider what's best for the majority.† Jared glowered at her. â€Å"No.† The word was a snarl. I could tell he had not whispered the word, yet it was very quiet in my ears. In fact, everything was suddenly quiet. Sharon's lips moved, her finger jabbed at Jared viciously, but all I heard was a soft hissing. Neither one of them took a step, but they seemed to be drifting away from me. I saw the dark-haired brothers step toward Jared with angry faces. I felt my hand try to rise in protest, but it only twitched limply. Jared's face turned red when his lips parted, and the tendons in his neck strained like he was shouting, but I heard nothing. Jeb let go of my arm, and I saw the dull gray of the rifle's barrel swing up beside me. I cringed away from the weapon, though it was not pointed in my direction. This upset my balance, and I watched the room tip very slowly to one side. â€Å"Jamie,† I sighed as the light swirled away from my eyes. Jared's face was suddenly very close, leaning over me with a fierce expression. â€Å"Jamie?† I breathed again, this time a question. â€Å"Jamie?† Jeb's gruff voice answered from somewhere far away. â€Å"The kid is fine. Jared brought him here.† I looked at Jared's tormented face, fast disappearing into the dark mist that covered my eyes. â€Å"Thank you,† I whispered. And then I was lost in the darkness.

Product Development Essay

Introduction    Ready made garments industry never records loss in spite of the fact that there are many international brands in suiting and shirtings viz., Peter England, Van Heusen and such as these ready made shirts even though are priced high, consumers look no further for purchase for that is the quality of these brands. World market for ready made garments is ever increasing and with this strong fact, new product development in the area of ready made garment sector viz., Mad T-shirts, sweat shirts, casual wear can be very well launched considering the market research, consumer mindset and competitors pricing strategy.   Firstly the target market whether focusing young boys/girls, children or office goers or elders. In case the target market is wide pricing should be reasonably proportionate, with the fact that launching should not scare the consumers with high prices as the sales may not be on the high range. In order to first increase the sales, price should be affordable for middle-class, upper-middle-class and even lower-middle class consumers.   Marketing plan should be initially offering a free article viz., buy one get one free,   buy three shirts with a discount or a free detergent sachet for wash, such as these would interest the consumer as ready made garments save lot of time for consumer that is lost in visiting tailor for getting the clothes stitched. Further ready made garments are very comfortable for consumers especially for those who travel, busy working people and for those who regularly work on shifts in industrial areas.   Consumer market for T-shirts is extensive all over the world and it is a huge business that is ever green all through the year.   New patterns, designs, color combinations are wide welcome by consumers all over the world irrespective of culture, traditions and life styles. In these globalised times, corporate sector is promoting T-shirts for its employees as a code of dress in order to maintain uniformity among employees.   T-shirts would carry the logo and name of employee.   Other companies issue T-shirts as corporate gifts to employees.   Innovative ideas such as the above are useful for garment making companies. An approximate price for a T-shirt   could be $3-$5 in the initial stage at the time of launching into the market keeping the prices of competitors in view and other market conditions.   Promotion of sale could be either through direct sale to wholesale and retail sale or through shopping malls.   Appointment of marketing executives to visit corporate companies as a promotion sale would also yield good results for the company.   However, one good business concept about the quality of T-shirt is the most important fact that company has to keep in view in order to keep the reputation of the company. Tommy Hilfiger, Crocodile, Puma, Nike, Reebok, Lacoste, Wrangler, are some of the branded T-shirt making companies which have earned reputation for its extreme good quality which is liked by consumers all over the world.   No brand is a big brand until it reaches to a stage of international brand which is why new product development has to be extremely professional and planned. Conclusion New product development plan has to be implemented step-by-step with perfect working and with accurate measure of SWOT analysis.   A clear forecast of unforeseen hurdles in new launch of T-shirts has to be worked out prior to its launch which would help in prevention of risks in business.   Ready made garment sector is a profit oriented business with a huge potential for growth in business with fashion designing and textile designing with CAD and with well developed computer software especially designing ready made garments.