Discussions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

Discussions - Essay ExampleThis creates a gild that focuses on standards with rigid controlled process and the best practices that be closely supervised. The main advantage associated with the bureaucratic structure of an transcription of rules is the fact that decision-making takes a shorter time as less people who take part in this activeness and this makes sure that work is completed in an efficient manner and on time. In contrast, bureaucratic structures may have a discouraging effect to creativity as well as innovation in the entire organization, as it is difficult for a single person in the organization to come up with all the strategic ideas that are required in a large company.Information systems are reckoner systems that provide the focussing and other employees within the company with latest information in terms of the surgical operation of the organization such as the prevailing inventory and sales (Jawadekar, 2013). It is usually connected to a computing machin e network that is developed through linking various computers to allow sharing of data as well as resources. These systems are intended to collect, transmit, store and retrieve as well as display the information that is utilise by several process in the organization. The systems that are supposed to serve general and foreseeable management practices are also referred to as management information systems. An example of a report that is generated by this system is the information that contained in yearly reports developed for the stakeholders of organizations.Staffing professionals include staffing managers in the human resource department who are responsible for all the areas that are linked to the staffing requirements of the company(Strayer, 2005). These professionals must be able to recruit when they find the applicants who are appropriately qualified while being able to deal with the hiring and retaining of the already hired employees. For a company to be successful, staffing is not enough, as the human resource

Write's choice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writes choice - Assignment causaThe other second question is what were Matts stepping stones to become CEO. He started as accountant indeed editor and he played a very important type in building military control at Holiday World when he was the project manager. This helped him to gain recognition for the hard work and enabled him to move up the ladder to a higher position. I believe that for someone to climb the ladder to the position of CEO, that government minister should have proved that he is experienced and capable of steering the company to greater heights through with(predicate) his performance in other aspects of the organization.Who is the biggest competitor based on consumer perceptions? Dollywood and Silver Dollar City argon seen as the best competitors in this business but what has to be taken into account is the fact that they do not provide direct competition. By virtue of the fact that they are located in removed(p) areas, it can be noted that they do not give direct competition. In my own opinion, I believe that the aspect of proximity or closeness to each other plays a pivotal role in determining the nature of competition. Competition is intense when the companies are located closer to each other. In this case it is weak since the competitors are located in distant areas.What are the marketing strategies that you use in your operations? He stated that advertising tools such as billboards, radio, website as well as TV and radio were mostly used since these are popular and can be easily accessed by the targeted audiences. I concur with him as a result of the fact that television for instance is the most popular forte to families and it can be effectively used to market the services offered by Holiday

Can Freelancers form themselves into a union and successfully seek Research Paper - 1

Can Freelancers form themselves into a core and successfully seek formal recognition via the rules speled out in the National L - Research account ExampleDissimilar to other unions, freelancers unions are somewhat innovative and are more like clever trade organizations. Be that as it may, they may play a significant function in unmatcheds professional life by proposing certain benefits. The major aim of the National Labor sexual congress Act is to characterize and defend the privileges of lickers and employers, to boost collective bargaining, and to eradicate some of the performances on the part of work and administration that are hurtful to the general welfare (hcl.chass.ncsu.edu). Similarly, when creating a union for freelancers, one of the large-scale challenges, or obstacles, in employed individually is the need of wellbeing care options. By evolving a constituent of an amalgamation, or other kind of expert membership-based association, one habitually has the opening to buy wellbeing protection at a cheaper rate (i.e. at a group rate). Not only does a freelancer union return good deals on monthly charges and lesser deductibles, but one may furthermore gain the improvement to select from more than one kind of healthcare program.

Comparative politics and governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Comparative political sympathies and governance - Essay ExampleWhile the United States considers itself the original and best democratic nation, the institutions and basic grammatical construction of the government inhibit some of the foundational ideals of democracy. Younger democracies, like Nigeria and Spain, crookually come closer to realizing manufactureation of the citizenry. The sharp ship democracy of classical Athens is a great deal held up as the purest form of democracy. Each citizen in Athenian democracy had a vote, the simplest formulation of One man, one vote, a right which did not sift to women and slaves, and voted directly on issues, policy, and representation (Blackwell 2003). This original democracy is only sincerely yours practicable on small scales. With larger populations, such as the 300 million population of the United States (United States Census Bureau 2010), direct democracy is highly impractical, requiring voters to vote on representatives to ac t in their interests. The way these representatives ar elective and represent the will of their constituents is the primary difference amidst democratic governments. In the United States, ply is shared by three separate branches of government, designed to share and check one another to avoid concentration of power in any single branch of the government. The elected representatives of the legislative body are tasked with the crafting of legislation, funding, approving presidential appointments, and declaring war. Representatives of the two houses in the legislature are elected by voters in their district, unlike the president who is elected by electors who are themselves elected in the Presidential race (Leip 2008). On the surface, this may appear to be direct representation, but the United States has a two-party system of democracy, meaning that voters are more often voting for a political party rather than a candidate and his policy platform. Power in a legislative body is shar ed and wielded by political parties who, more often than not, can act in the best interest of their party rather than the interest of the voters, regardless of the reasons for which they were elected. This system presents problems for a bring of a true democracy in several ways, one of which being the means by which candidates are selected to run for office in the first place. The political party helps raise funds to run the campaign, a control on who can run in the race before it even starts. Independent or third-party candidates rarely win an election because of the lack of political party support. When they do win, it is almost always because they suck up name recognition as an established political figure, such as Joseph Lieberman, who won his seat in the Senate as an independent after losing the Democratic primary in 2008 (Joseph I. Lieberman 2011). The voter has, basically, a choice between two candidates, two parties, which does not represent a real choice and may not truly represent the views of the voters. Another problematic aspect of a limited-party system is the gerrymandering of political districts. Once in power, political powers redraw districts to consolidate blocks of voters they know will vote for their party. In a way, this is rigging the election system such that the incumbent, or at least his or her party, is reliably safe in an election, which explains the

Howard Gardner and multiple intelligences Research Paper

Howard Gardner and doubled intelligences - Research Paper ExampleBut when it comes to business, the intelligent soulfulness can considerably detect commercialised opportunities, or is good in mastering or avoiding business risks and keep the books balanced.At the advent of the 21st century, there is a new intellectual virtuoso the symbol analyst or the master of change. This is the unmatchable who can read numbers and words in the computer screen and make reliable and expedient projects. Through the information from the computer, the analyst can solve problems, communicate to other people and adjust easily to the changing times.Francis Galton, one of the founders of the modern psychological measure custodyt in the late nineteenth century, believed that intelligence is hereditary, and so searched for offspring of the leaders of British society. But Galton to a fault believed that intelligence is not confined to hereditary lineages. He devised means to test intelligence. The fir st intelligence measurements tested the persons sensory acuity, i.e. an intelligent person can easily distinguish sounds of different loudness, or the brightness of lightness, and objects of different weights. (Gardner, 1999, p. 2)Gardner (1999) presented evidence that individuals have a range of capacities and potentials, and he called this phenomenon quaternary intelligences. Individuals can use these intelligences in the different roles in society. An individual with multiple intelligences can perform multiple tasks.Gardner presented his argument on the question scholars and students of intelligence have been arguing closely Is intelligence singular? Or, is there such a thing as multiple intelligences? There is also another question Gardner would like to address Is intelligence predominantly inherited? Darwin wrote in his time that men did not differ much in intelligence except in their efforts and hard work. The Western popular opinion remains that intelligence is innate in a person. (Armstrong, 2009, p.

Road Rage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Road Rage - Essay ExampleThe composition also concluded that reports of violent traffic incidents have increased round 7 percent all year since 1990 (www.alligator.org/edit/issues/97-fall/971117/a01rage.htm). Traffic can spell a day. Rush hour is becoming a major factor that can turn the next minute or the next hour into a blissful run or a nightmarish situation. The government is taking all driving issues precise seriously. Safety measures are being improved and implemented. Errant and abusive take awayrs are being sought and penalized. However, citizens and agencies analogous are not doing enough to make the highway a safer place for all people.A song to NHTSA elicited that the two-thirds figure above probably had its origins in a statement made in July by NHTSA Administrator Ricardo Martinez to a House of Representatives Subcommittee on Surface transportation. What Dr. Martinez actually said was, We estimate that about third of these crashes and about two-thirds of the resu lting fatalities can be attributed to behavior associated with aggressive driving(http//www.drivers.com/article/168). Over the past years, the outlet of deaths in highroad mishaps is a stable figure on the national statistics. People are working hard to address the situation. They find ways to counter the occurrence of heavy traffic. They increase personnel profile at all points to be responsive to accidents. Motorists are educated about defensive driving and road safety. But with all the precautionary measures being applied to ensure a blissful pace on the highway, plans and methods to instill good values among drivers are nil.There is a big difference between situations involving accidents to a road spat between two ill-tempered motorists. Accidents are not planned. Preventive actions to avoid much(prenominal) situations come by way through the imposition of proper directives and regulations. In contrast to the more best-selling(predicate) crime control approach, a nontradit ional application of crime prevention through environmental design, which focuses on traffic facilitation, is offered to address violent and aggressive drivers (http//eab.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/35/5/621).A coming upon between individuals is another thing. Although, there are punitive laws against the uncontrolled behavior of people, what becomes questionable is the effectivity of such actions to prevent them from engaging again into violent confrontations on the road in the future.The media couldnt talk enough about the awful carnage. Even a piece by the columnist William Safire, on the death of Princess Diana, was titled road RAGE IN PARIS (http//www.fumento.com/atlantic.html). It has clamored for the need for preventive measures on the road. People are encouraged to drive safely. They are told to watch the road, slow down, and to give way at intersections. But what if the situations are entirely incompatible from what a regular motorist usually faces daily How do you react to a yell of an loss driver How about a driver who keeps on honking his horn even if the situation doesnt apply What must be done if a motorist suddenly gives the finger How do people react to these

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 28

Economics - Essay ExampleThatcher follows a policy of monetarism and this is the deflexion with the other administration. Thatcher strongly believed in an open and privatized economy. Therefore her authorities worked fiercely towards privatizing some of the major government organizations. This era advocated policies of free markets and nationalizations of banks and financial institutions. The soul of this era was the Big Bang of financial deregulation that prevailed in the market in the year 1986. The economy was left free to open trade by step-down of tariffs and trade duties. Thatcher government was in favor of market optimization by inviting competition. To fight with the inflation Thatcher, subsequently coming to power increased the taxes and editd government spending. It was reported that the first year of her tenure in the impinge onice, was marked by a reduction of 1 billion pounds in the government spendings. Policies were adopted to reduce the powers of the labor union s. Ordinary people were encouraged to own houses and the companies they work for. Large number of council houses was sold off to the tenants. Her government brought about reforms in government expenditure snd thus made the economy of Britain more effectual. This written report centers on the sparing principles employed during the Thatcher era and justify the use of these different approaches under the current economic scenario of our country. (Pearce, n.d.)Under this section we cover the major economic policies adopted during the Thatcher era. We further analyze the effectiveness of these policies in our country, especially in the current scenario when the economic conditions are almost the same as the one in United Kingdom before Margaret Thatcher took over as the president of United Kingdom. When Mrs. Thatcher won the election in 1979, economic growth stood at just over 2% but this apparently respectable watch hid many problems. Unemployment had been rising from

Making a truss adaptive to specific loading condition to save Essay

Making a hold adaptive to specific loading condition to save materials - Essay ExampleAs the active and peaceful control methods improved the structures under dynamic loads, its requirement for the performance based design was of concern. The use of these systems helps in achieving these objectives optimally in civil engineering.In a passive structural control, the structures have been built from a thermal stable composite material. This system derriere be isolation systems, shear walls, viscosities dampers and tuned pot dampers. The tuned mass dampers could be used in chimneys, towers and bridges (Sinan Korkmaz, 2011) for example in the Citicorp central New York to control the primary mode of vibration (Peterson, N.R., 1979).In the active control, a set of sensors and actuators connected by feedback is used (Berlin Heidelberg, 2011). The gracelessness and the physical properties of the active systems can be changed due to the external stimuli so that structural response compar able the internal flow of forces can be manipulated as the deflections or the vibration ar controlled and optimized.The active systems are striking choices to be able to retrofit or increase the strength of the current structure against solid winds, earthquake, water waves or any external force that affect the safety of the structure.The adaptive systems are think to development and manufacturing. There are different material systems designed as smart materials and currently on tap(predicate) in a wide range such including ceramics, polymers and alloys (W Sobek and P Tueffel, 2013).As shown in the figure the sensors bug out the information and the control intelligence process the information getting from sensors and will feed into actuators. Every material, in principle, has been found to be responsive in a one-to-one relation. For instance, voltage is produced from an input pressure, or it can be produced from a triangulated piece of veneer that displaces the free tip depends on the level of

The Balanced Scorecard as Performance Managment Tool Essay

The Balanced Scorecard as Performance Managment Tool - Essay ExampleThe research idea impart be divided into five chapters. First of all the research pass on highlight the primary(prenominal) issue around which the whole story will travel. This chapter will include the introduction of the whole write up as well as the abbreviated background of the problem. Moreover, chapter will withal have a brief discussion about the need and significance of the study and its scope and effects on individuals. The second chapter will discuss the basic concepts and theory of the topic. A detailed literature review will be provided to go for the research. In the next chapter, the research strategy and general methodology will be discussed. It will also elaborate the reason of adopting a specific design for the strategy. The 4th chapter will be the most authorized part of the research, which will show the comparison and analysis of the data collected through various means. It will also provide the recommendations with respect to its findings. The validity of the research is the focal point of the whole effort. It actually explains whether or not you have achieved your task. In other words it deals with the suitability of the methodology to the research. According to Mason , you essential ask yourself how well matched is the logic of the method to the kinds of research questions you are asking and the kind of social explanation you are intending to develop. The validity of proposed research will be established through different ways e.g. member check, peer analysis, negative analysis, audit-ability, conformability and balance

Research Utilization Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Utilization - Research Paper ExampleThis happens in different forms and kinds, including in the mammilla. Cancer that affects the breast is called breast malignant neoplastic disease. This is one of the most prevalent forms of malignant neoplastic disease. Although breast malignant neoplastic disease is said to throw been first reported in Egypt around 122 B.C, there argon no accurate statistics that can intelligibly prove its earliest reported cases. However, according to the journal, Phenomenal Woman, Hippocrates was the first to give a logical and health check explanation of breast crabmeat in 460 B.C (2008). This development was further expanded by the works of Galen at around 200 A.D. Since hence, more studies and medical research own been done to discover explicit acquaintance about the disease. Breast pubic louse is caused by a number of factors commonly called breast cancer risk of exposure factors. Breast Cancer Breast cancer is one of the types of cancers. It mani fests itself in the breast. It originates from the milk ducts or lobules of the breast. Although it typically occurs in women, breast cancer can also attack men as well. Breast cancer occurs in the form of a lump on the breast or the side of an armpit. This lump contains thick tissue paper which is not uniform with the rest of the breast tissue. It can be noticed by simply pinch the breast gently to feel the thickness of its inner tissue. Another way of detecting breast cancer is through the observation of any abnormal growth or development in the breast. Such abnormalities are physically observable features of a breast. For instance, some breast cancer cells cause the nipple of one breast to be inverted in such a way that it seems to grow towards the inside of the breast instead than the normal way of growing towards the outside. There could also be skin dimpling or change in skin color at the part of the breast where cancer has attacked the breast tissue. One of the breast cance r risk factors is the transfer of genes responsible for certain types of cancers from parent to child. Breast cancer can be passed from a child bearer to the baby. This means that the breast cancer cells can be passed from one generation to other through the genes. In such cases, if a mother or father has breast cancer cells, then they can be passed to their offspring or to subsequent generations of their offspring. Another major cause of breast cancer is contributed to lifestyle. This means that the way people conduct their day to day activities has an influence on their chances of getting or preventing breast cancer. Smoking of tobacco has been identified as one of the major lifestyle causes of breast cancer. neediness of breast feeding after child birth also increases a womans chances of detriment from breast cancer. In addition to that, abortion also increases the chances of a woman suffering from breast cancer. A poorly conducted abortion procedure can easily result in breast cancer. Breast cancer is typically classified on a number of bases. For instance, when classified according to origin, we have ductal cancer and lobular cancer. Ductal originates from milk ducts while lobular cancer originates from lobules. When classified according to the stage of the development and spread of the cancer cells, the TNM system is used. The level T is when the cancer cells have only attacked the armpit. The level N is when the cancer cells have spread from the armpits to the whole breast while the level M is when the cancer

Law and Social Order. Criminal justice in Canada Essay

Law and Social Order. Criminal evaluator in Canada - seek ExampleLaw and Social Order. Criminal arbitrator in CanadaIn Canada, the sinful justness remains stabilizes the objectives of criminal offence control, pr planetion and protection of citizens rights (Grossman & Roberts, 15). The general justice system consists of tercet branches legislative, adjudications, and fin totallyy corrections. The above three branches are very important in the criminal justice system, the legislative branch deals with the process of reservation justnesss that govern the country and assist In the implementation, of justice, in the country. While the adjudications part is where judgments are passed, and justice is accomplished, the corrections include jails and other probation facilities. Offenders are taken to the places whenever they are found guilty, one stays in the punitive facilities depending on the magnitude of ones end. The police enhance the activities of criminal justice systems they are the premier individuals who are contacted when citizens have any problems. The courts serve as avenues where disputes are settled and whomever, the judge in this case passes judgment and has the final advance in the court.The criminal justice system is obliged to main functions, which all aim at protecting the society. It aims at controlling crime, preventing criminal activities from occurring now and then and finally maintaining justice In line with the laid down rules or the constitution (Klein, 695). The society makes it task of the institutions of the criminal justice system to control, prevent crime and maintenance of justice law enforcement, courts and corrections. The police are responsible for law enforcement at both local and state levels. Discretion is judgment and judgment is exercised by applying ethics and value to facts. Actors in the criminal justice system substitute their judgments for formal statutory punishments in order to exercise criminal justice s ystem by the means. It allows judges to create their own judgments depending on their own views even if these judgments are non in line with the rule of law. Criminal trials in Canada are done both before the judge alone or before the judge and jury. Although discretion is especially important in the criminal justice system, it can be abused. Some judgments are made wrongly, and the victims end up organism charged for the crimes they did not commit. This is very common in the many courts where the judge makes a judgment without victorian evidence and from hearsays. The police can abuse discretion by arresting a suspected criminal and putting them in jail for a crime not committed (Canadian Bar Association, 5). Although they are aimed at protecting the people of the community, they should have good evidence before making a claim. Law enforcers sometimes term investigations as a waste of time and money and the suspects are pushed to courts to be punished. The criminal justice syste m utilizes discretion to lessen the pressures they have in their system. The agencies are allowed to make decisions depending on the weight of the crime convicted most of them are placed on home correction in order to avoid the congestion of jails and other correctional facilities. Therefore, most of the times discretionary decisions are based on the limitation of resources. However, not all discretionary decisions are based on this they can also be based on politics, for example, police crackdown activities in search of something. Some people, however, argue that the use of discretion in the criminal justice system is not fair as some cases are withdrawn without a proper basis. They say that equality should be observed in the passing of judgments and that all cases should be treated in the same(p) manner. This should not be the case because one cannot compare drunkenness while driving and a someone who has been

Physiology of Organ Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Physiology of Organ Systems - Essay ExampleThe business line air printing press of the arteries cast ups and decreases with each cycle or stage where the occupation passes through the chambers of the tenderheartedness. Blood enters the heart with a specific sequence or order (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2007). The heart also has four valves which encounter and come through the entry and exit of the line of merchandise into and out of the heart. The affinity would enter the decently atrium through the tops(predicate) and deficient vena cavae and the right atrium would contract and the tricuspid valve would open and allow personal line of credit to enter the right heart ventricle (NASA, 2007). As the right ventricle contracts, the tricuspid valve closes and simultaneously, the pulmonary valve opens and blood enters the pulmonary artery which brings the blood to the lungs where it is infused with type O and eliminates carbon dioxide (Shibao, et.al., 2007 ). The blood then exits the lungs and enters the left atrium where it is pumped out into the different parts of the body. The blood watercraft walls have layers of smooth muscle and such muscles as well as the heart muscles ar set by the autonomic nervous system (Shibao, et.al., 2007). Where there is a decrease in the diameter of the blood vessel, the flow of the blood would be more difficult. The persistent decrease in diameter would increase the pressure needed to push the blood into the different cells of the body. The greater pressure is imposed on the heart which is forcing the blood into the different parts of the body (Lohmeier, et.al., 2004).... The blood would enter the right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cavae and the right atrium would contract and the tricuspid valve would open and allow blood to enter the right ventricle (NASA, 2007). As the right ventricle contracts, the tricuspid valve closes and simultaneously, the pulmonary valve opens and blood en ters the pulmonary artery which brings the blood to the lungs where it is infused with oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide (Shibao, et.al., 2007). The blood then exits the lungs and enters the left atrium where it is pumped out into the different parts of the body. The blood vessel walls have layers of smooth muscle and such muscles as well as the heart muscles are regulated by the autonomic nervous system (Shibao, et.al., 2007). Where there is a decrease in the diameter of the blood vessel, the flow of the blood would be more difficult. The persistent decrease in diameter would increase the pressure needed to push the blood into the different cells of the body. The greater pressure is imposed on the heart which is forcing the blood into the different parts of the body (Lohmeier, et.al., 2004). As the smooth muscles would relax, there is less(prenominal)er resistance and therefore less pressure needed to maintain the blood flow rates. The autonomic nervous system regulates the diam eter of the blood vessels (Lohmeier, et.al., 2004). It also regulates the heart rate, increasing or decreasing it where necessary. With these processes, the autonomic nervous system is able to manage blood pressure. Maintenance of continuous blood flow to the brain and the cells of the body are carried out by the regulation of blood pressure by the autonomic nervous system (NASA, 2007, p. 104). The brain is the receptor of selective information related to pressure exerted by the

Workforce 2020 Executive Report - DHSOS Assignment

Workforce 2020 Executive Report - DHSOS - Assignment ExampleFuture trends hope 6 3.1 Economic, social, demographic, and cogitationforce parameters that ar expected to be in the U.S. in the year 2020 6 3.2 What be the general trends in leading/management that are impacting your system? 7 4. Recommendations changes needed for the future in order for the organization to meet the expected challenges of 2020 8 4.1 Leadership actions that the organization should take 8 4.2 Competencies that willing be needed 9 4.3 What does the organization need to do to be prepared? 10 References 11 Summary The standardization of organizational performance in the long term is a challenging task. Firms that endure to perform heights on annual basis may face menstruations of downturns this phenomenon has been related to problems in the organizations internal environment, especially in assure to the attractership style and the workforce expression. Managers in DHSOS, a medium-size slopped of the US computer industry, face the following dilemma should they try to support the profligates existing leadership practices or they should promote major changes in regard to the firms leadership style and workforce structure? The first choice has been considered as rather risky the second one, i.e. the tension on changes on the specific sectors has been chosen. The particular plan can secure, at higher level, the limitation of a series of organizational problems that would result to severe delays in the firms performance up to 2020. 1. adit The ability of an organization to survive in the modern market is depended on certain criteria. Issues, such as the organizations leadership style, its workforce diversity but also the quality and the level of conference are critical for the long-term success of the organization in its industry. On the other hand, in high competitive industries, the challenges for organizations of all sizes can be significant, at least compared to less com petitive industries. DHSOS is one of the nearly promising firms in the computer industry in USA. The firm focuses on the provision of IT consultancy services in large firms. The firm was first established in New York in March of 2009, i.e. about 3 years before. During this time, the firm has managed to develop its customer base at least by 80%, a fact that it is quite promising for the firms performance in the future. Currently, the firms employees are estimated to 540, across the firms branches in New York, Chicago and Illinois. Up to the end of 2011, the firms performance seemed to be continuously developed, with no sign of a potential downturn. However, during the first half of this year, the firm seems to be unable to control employee performance, which tends to change unexpectedly leading to important losses, as compared to the same period of last year. A careful review of the organizations key trends, such as its structure, its leadership style and its workforce characteristi cs leads to the assumption that a series of changes need to be made in regard to the particular organizational sectors. These changes are highlighted in this paper, which can be used, as a manual for the firms workforce needs by 2020. 2. DHSOS Presentation and analysis of key organizational trends 2.1 Organizational structure Since its establishment, DHSOS has been a highly centralized organization. In fact, its leadership style can be characterized as autocratic. The leader of the organization sets the key criteria on which workforce structure and employee performance would be evaluated. Moreover, the promotion of team work within the organization is rather limited. Tasks are assigned to individuals are need to be completed by them, usually without cooperation with other colleagues. This practice has resulted, in many cases, to

Martin L. King Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Martin L. index - Essay Exampleaged by the successes of the civil rights movement, activists worked to reverse the discriminatory laws restricting the influx of darker-skinned peoples into the westward cultures. The movements struggle for civil rights and liberties was based on lawful civil rights and had its roots in moral motivations. The righteousness of the cause was personified by King whose character and courage was applauded and supported by an increase number of American citizens of all colors.In 1955, Rosa Parks a black woman, refused to relinquish her hind end on a bus to a white man in Montgomery Alabama, a misdemeanour of existing Jim Crow laws. This act of civil disobedience became the spark that ignited the masses during the 1950s and 1960s in protesting the racial inequalities. Segregation, during the Jim Crow era, was not limited to transportation mediums. In Alabama, hospitals, whether public or private, could not require a white nurse to care for blacks. (Sowel l, 2005) In Mississippi, a law stifled independence of the press by stating, Any person who shall be guilty of printing, publishing or circulating printed, typewritten or written matter urging or presenting for public acceptance or general information, arguments or suggestions in favor of social equality or of intermarriage between whites and negroes, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and subject to fine not exceeding $500 or imprisonment not exceeding vi months or both (Jim Crow Laws, 1998).When Parks was arrested for refusing the drivers request to give up her screwing to the white man, a group of area ministers formed the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) which coordinated what would suit a 382-day boycott of the bus company by the entire black community. The ministers took this non-violent action to avoid the contingent rioting that was widely rumored to soon ensue and to organize their collective congregations into one, larger and stronger common voice. In addition, had they not elected

French secularism and the ban of religious symbols in public places Essay

french unsanctifiedism and the ban of religious symbols in public places - move ExampleThe French constabulary does non particularly mention the religious symbol, still most slew are of the opinion that the law was targeting the veil faint by Moslem women. The law seemed to have caulescent from a controversial occurrence that happened in 1989 and 1994 in 1989, three female students were expelled from schools for declining to remove their hijabs (veil). In 1994, the minister in charge decreed that that ostentatious symbols were to be banned in public schools around the country, but discreet symbols were to be allowed to the discretion of the school or the teacher in charge. The Muslims in France France has the largest number of Muslims in Europe, the population of Muslims in the country stand at about 5 to 6 million, representing approximately 8.3% of the French population (Lenze, 2013). Majority of the Islamic population in France are moderate, but there are inherentist, the headscarf worn by Muslim schoolgirls is a symbol of the Islamic religion and culture and it is woven into the Muslim federation all over the globe. Researchers have often enquired into the reasons for the lack of integration into the entire French society, and the reasons why the emerging generations are drifting towards fundamentalist Islam. Writers have often pondered on the reasons why the community cannot be merged into the French secular society (Sarat, 2011). The Secular State France is founded on the precept of cuius regio eius regio this means that what the leader believes so should the subjects, even though the tell apart disowns religious adherence (Herb and Kaplan, 2008). Religion is very important to the secular state, although the state has the ultimate power to interpret the significance of certain signs and symbols. This particularly implied that the veil worn by Muslim women and girls was taken to be a religious sign, this being in contradiction to the secul ar principles of the French society. It has often been stated by Muslim clerics that the wearing of the headscarf by women in public places is a religious handicraft (Valsiner and Rosa, 2007). The wearer of the veil assumes the obligation bestowed upon her by the Islamic faith , and in addition the state should realize the fundamental human right, that if a persons conscience compels one to wear the veil they should be allowed only(prenominal) to the extent that they do not violate other peoples right. The law on the on the other hand merely depict the veils as symbols and signs without determining the reasons why Muslim women wear them. The principle of a secular state may have an implied meaning that reflects on a state that is not bounded by any religious belief but it allows her citizens to assume any they deem fit. However, the law banning of wearing scarves in public places seemed to be intoned on forcing the citizens of the French republics to be secular (Jones, 2011).This perception was cemented by a top European court ruling after a outcome was brought before it pitting two French Muslim girls versus the state (D W, 2008). According to the law, secularism does not contend on the religion being restricted to the secrecy of integrity, to its being deprived of public views ( Graff, 2004). It merely implies that only the thaw expression of the religious signs is a major component of the liberty. Therefore, a fundamental question that arises is that in any secular state such the one in

The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas by John Boyne and the Holocaust Essay Example for Free

The boy in the stripy Pyjamas by John battle of Boyne and the Holocaust EssayAuthor John Boyne published his infamous novel The Boy in the st skillful Pyjamas. John Boyne was born in Dublin, Ireland. Boyne go to Trinity College in Dublin where he first studied English Literature and then proceeded to the University of eastern United States Anglia in Norwich where he then studied creative writing. He began his published writing c areer in the year deuce-thousand with his first published discussion The Thief of Time.Though The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas separates itself from Boynes traditional style of writing by having being written for a younger audience, it was the book that took John Boynes career to the successful point it is now at. Using his fathers date of birth as the same for both Shmuel and Bruno, Boyne could further relate the cardinal boys to a familiar story. Demonstrating the truly catastrophic events of the Holocaust in a fictional novel, Boyne captures the t orment that two young boys face in a time where their innocence is taken away by genius of the most evil acts of humanity.The Holocaust caused the lives of six million Jews to be illogical, and the faith of the survivors. The Nazi Germans called this systematic cumulus killing the final solution to the Jewish question. In nineteen-thirty-three, Anti-Semitism reached its peak in Ger some destruction, which was launched with torchlight parades and accented by speeches that proclaimed the death of Jewish intellectualism and the purification of German culture. Thus, writings by such Jewish intellectuals as Albert Einstein and Sigmund Freud fueled the huge bonfires.Also engulfed in flames was the work of Heinrich Heine, a German poet of Jewish origin. A century earlier Heine had stated, Where books are burned, in the end people will be burned. . his statement would puzzle true, specifically for the European Jews who found themselves to a lower place Nazi domination during the Thir d Reich. (The Holocaust Chronicles 53) By July of nineteen-thirty-three, twenty-five thousand Jews amongst other unfit German citizens had been sent to density camps or jail.Democracy in Germany had disappeared under Adolf Hitlers new command with the Nazi Party being the only legal political party. Hitler began a propaganda that the Jew was a threat to the German race, unequal, and inferior, that it must be eliminated in position to restore the power lost during and after the First beingness War Jewish businesses were boycotted, German citizens began discriminating Jews, physically harming them and humiliating them.Later, German Nazis demanded that all non-Aryan subjects shall retire, any person who had a Jewish parent or grandparent was non-Aryan. (54) The Jews were then places in ghettos, where the life-time conditions were poor and a preview of their upcoming fate was shown. Forced to wear Davids star as an embroidered badge on their clothing to symbolize their faith, the Jews were publicly isolated for the German citizens to see and attack.This wouldve made many of the Jews feel ashamed and directed them to lose faith in the God they had previously discernd and lived by, as that same faith in the religion was what caused their cruel misfortune. Religion is seen repeatedly in both iniquity by Elie Wiesel and The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas by John Boyne. In Boynes work, the two main characters, Bruno and Shmuel, are two nine year old boys who are unfortunately wrapped up in the horrid events that took place during the years of the Holocaust. Brunos father is a high ranking policeman working for the S.S during the period of the Nazi Partys ruling in Germany. He doesnt show clear understanding of whats going on and what his father is doing, with help of constant double-dealing from his parents, his sister and instructor, Bruno nonoperational sees no difference between him and Shmuel, who is a Jewish pris wizardr of a concentration camp. Though there is no difference in the two boys, society, family and religion tells them otherwise, and yet their friendship is unbreakable. Were not supposed to be friends, you and me.Were supposed to be enemies, did you know that? (The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas 118) Having been disciplined by society to believe in a concept of inequality between the consummate(a) German race and the Jewish people, the friendship between Bruno and Shmuel becomes a operatively touching plot, not in the understanding that it shouldnt or couldnt be, but in a way that demonstrates the innocence that adults time- psychometric tested to deprive from their children, and the loving bond that brings two boys who are meant enemies together, it makes them equal.Religion isnt understood, hatred isnt understood and evil acts are not understood for once, the naive minds of innocence that cannot understand the plot Hitler contour lineed are perfectly right by the similarity of not understanding their nonexistent differ ences. Both the real events of World War II and the fictional events within the novel feature a lot of deceit. Propaganda was used by the governments of every country involved in the war as well as within Germany against the Jews.This form of subtle manipulation was successful as it used citizens issues and fears to provide an excuse for the events occurring. Hitler used slogans and made properly speeches through with(predicate)out his dictatorship that convinced the Germans to believe that the Jewish people really were a threat that Germany had to repel. By blaming their economical issues on the Jews, the Germans had more of a reason to desire the exeunt of their race entirely. Propaganda tries to force a article of faith on the whole peoplePropaganda works on the general public from the standpoint of an idea and makes them ripe for the victory of this idea. Adolf Hitler wrote these words in his book Mein Kampf, in which he first advocated the use of propaganda to spread the ideals of bailiwick Socialism among them racism, antisemitism,. ( http//www. ushmm. org ) The novel too shows a pattern of deceit, where Bruno is lied to by his parents when he asks what is behind the fence.Bruno also lies when he denies knowing Shmuel, an act of fear that resurfaces the idea that he is still a child with no desire to be punished. Deceit is a tendency that was believed to be necessary by the furor, Adolf Hitler, in order to proceed with the Final Solution while having his citizens and the rest of the world blind, as they believed his idea was only upright to Germany. Hitler and the Nazi Party would have not succeeded had they always been truthful to not only the people within their own borders, but the people outside of them too.It was necessary to deceit in order to succeed, or what he planned to be a success. In Brunos case, that same deceit provided him with the loyalty and love to Shmuel to be his friend until death. The accounted Jewish casualties that took place under the furor, Adolf Hitler and commander Heimrich Himmler are an approximate six million, completely exterminating the run of each and every Jewish family in Germany, for even those who survived left immediately after the Russians set them bump from the concentration camps in nineteen-forty-five.Survivors who have testimonies of their experience in the camps, the ghettos, and those who escaped still try to make sense of what happened in the twelve year long battle for survival. Emotionally, they have wounds that will never fully repair over. Mentally, they withhold memories that could only be imagined as the most vivid of nightmares to those of us who didnt live through the terrorizing events. Spiritually, they are finally free to believe, if they can and most do. They speak of the Holocaust as a test from God, another reason to show their faith to the world.Eliezer Wiesel said in Night, That I survived the Holocaust and went on to love beautiful girls, to talk, to write and to have toast and tea and live my life that is what is abnormal. Evidently, families were lost and lives were separated, an emotional ravaging that one may never come to comprehend. In both of the works, family is demonstrated to be a significant factor. Elie, in Night, speaks fondly of the love for his father and the absolute loss of himself after the loss of his father.In The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas, Brunos mother reveals a love for her family so deep that she becomes despaired with the facts of her husbands work. Shmuel sacrifices himself, at the side of his best friend, Bruno, to find his father and endanger his own life to save one of a family members. This was the case for each person who died and survived the Holocaust. If we bear all this suffering and if there are still Jews left, when it is over, then Jews, instead of being doomed, will be held up as an example. (Anne Frank)

Effective Speakers Essay Example for Free

Effective Speakers shewPresident William Jefferson Clinton, the 42nd President of the United States is a prime example of what it means to be an stiff speaker unit. Although George H. W. Bush and Bob Dole were highly qualified opp angiotensin-converting enzyments in the 1992 and 1996 elections, it was Clintons demo skills and ability to proceed an audition that earned him his back-to-back terms in office. President Clinton owned the room from the beginning of his set-back presidential debate.Upon being asked his first question, Clinton walked up to the lady seeking answers, squared his shoulders toward her, looked her straight in the eye, and asked her to absorb her name. As soon as she responded with her name, Clinton repeated her name back to her and answered her question fervently and confidently. (Koegel, 2007, p. 06-07). Effective speakers bottomland walk into a room, take the earshot by surprise, and deliver a innovation that is both passionate and natural. A bestower does not have to be perfect, nor does the earreach expect him or her to be so. match to Henninger (2010), making a mistake, forgetting a segment of your speech, or falling speechless for a moment is pass as long as your presentation has value. An effective speaker knows how to avoid gestures and facial expressions that point come to the fore his or her mistakes. Public speaking skills are not inherited. It is a talent and a technique that has reverse second hand to a speaker through a great deal of practice. Can any one be an effective speaker? The answer to this question is yes with sufficient knowledge, tools, and practice, anyone can stand up and own the room. Be Organized An exceptional presenter is one who is organized and an organized presentation is one that has a substantial structure. The average human being has a very small attention span therefore a speakers best speech is one that is short and to the point. At most, a good presentation unless needs two or three main points. Thats really all the audience wants to hear anyway (Henninger, 2010). The audience is similarly more obligated to listen to a presenter who looks organized. kickoff impressions are crucial when a presenter is trying to sell his or her ideas, services, or products.Thirty seconds of floundering in the first place the audience can send a negative signal that suggests that the presenter is unprepared and can also create question as to whether or not the presenter is even confident in what it is he or she is trying to promote (Koegel, 2007, p. 45-46). A speaker only gets one impression, so he or she should strive to make it a positive one by looking and being organized. Speak turbulently A presenter must be passionate about his or her topic in line of battle for the presentation to be persuasive. If a presenter is not passionate about the topic, then why should the audience even care about it?Many presenters are guilty of delivering lengthy presentations that pain stakingly reinforce their topic. gibe to communication experts, the time on a presentation should be slimmed down and the energy should be boosted up (Layman, 2011). A presenter should be aware of his or her voice when delivering a speech. If ones intone is droning and monotone, then the presenter can likely expect to look out into an audience that is every asleep or captivated with something other than the presentation on point. Speak up, speak from the heart, and speak with conviction.In keeping with Koegel (2007), a presenters voice is an outward expression of his or her passion. Engage the listening A powerful speaker is one who can engage his or her audience. People do not particularly care to sit silently through an exhaustive presentation. Most audiences want to participate and be a part of it. One way to engage with the audience is to encourage audience participation. Meet with the audience before the presentation, learn a few of their names, and listen to comments that a re being made. When delivering the presentation, the presenter can hollo these comments and call on audience members by name.Addressing the audiences issues and demonstrating that time was taken to know them by name builds a relationship with the audience. It is significantly important to make eye contact with the audience as healthful. By looking people in the eye, a presenter enhances two-way communication as well as encourages and establishes trust and a congenial give and take relationship (Downey, 2011). Many speakers have been accustomed the advice at one time or another to find an inanimate object, such as the rampart in the back of the room, and focus in on it when delivering a presentation.By looking over the audience, the presenter can alleviate the anxiety that he or she may be experiencing, correct? Unfortunately, the wall in the back of the room is not going to be the one making the business decisions that solar day. The audience makes the decisions and if a speaker cannot talk to the audience, then the audience pass on more than likely seek business with somebody who can. Act Natural An exceptional speaker always appears natural. If the speaker looks confidant and relaxed, then the audience will be relaxed.A presenter should stray from giving formal presentations overflowing with facts and statistics try leaning towards a style that is more conversational, engaging, and full of illustrative stories and current events that relate to ones topic. Telling a story or beginning a presentation with an anecdote is a good way to hold up the ice, ease a presenters anxiety, and engage the audience at the same time because recounting stories is something that comes naturally to humans. However, be sure that the story or anecdote flows with the topic on point.An effective presentation should not sound scripted. Writing out the presentation is okay, only if the speaker must then vex the temptation to read it word for word. The written word does not fl ow nor does it have the same set out as the spoken word. If a presenter aspects obligated to write out his or her presentation and hound scripts, then he or she should be sure to lose the official tone and write in the manner that he or she speaks (Koegel, 2007, p. 122). Understand the Audience An effective speaker is one who can attach with his or her audience.According to Koegel (2007), understanding the business, issues, and concerns of the audience is an excellent way to achieve this goal. Before pitching a sales presentation, a presenter should research and thoroughly understand his audience. There are a get along of ways one can achieve this, such as researching the companys website to understand a firms morals, beliefs and objectives or another option would be to speak with employees within the organization prior to a meeting. As you present, you should look for opportunities to add value.Researching and understanding your audience is imperative and can present opportun ities in which value can be added. An organization is more likely to listen and do business with a speaker who has demonstrated his or her knowledge of the company more so than a salessomebody whose only preference is to acquire another sale. Once a speaker becomes familiar with the wants and needs of the audience, the presentation becomes much easier to craft (Mackay, 2011). Practice to Improve Humans are creatures of habit. The human body seeks comfort when placed in an uncomfortable situation.An example of this can be putting ones hands in his or her pockets or looking down towards the floor. These minute gestures speak on behalf of the presenter and inform the audience that the speaker is uneasy about something. Without practice, a speaker cannot improve on these habits. There are many opportunities during the day to put into practice various speaking techniques. These skills should be practiced during ones daily scrap and not in live win-or-lose situations (Koegel, 2007, p. 6 ). If a speaker is in need of further help, he or she can hire a presentation passenger vehicle.Effective speaking is not something one inherits at render it is a talent that is achieved through hard work and consistent practice. There is no reason to feel ashamed for asking for external help. Baseball great Hank Aaron batted cross handed until a batting coach corrected his style that led him to break Babe Ruths home run record. To Aaron and his colleagues, his hit style before was satisfactory, yet it is often easier and beneficial to receive constructive criticism from outsiders instead of ones own employees or colleagues (Porro, 2011).The point of this story is that even when someone is good at something already, that person is still not perfect. Practice, whether it is on ones own time or through the assistance of a presentation coach, may not make a presenter a perfect speaker, but it opens the door for improvement and will make delivering a speech second nature to the prese nter. By allowing ones self to practice these techniques, it is then that the speaker becomes effective.

Literary Device Compare and Contrast Essay Essay Example for Free

Literary cosmoseuver Compare and Contrast Essay EssayShort stories are often the best way to bring virtually literary terms and their uses. Theyre short, as their name depicts, but contain everything that longer stories would produce such as the elements of plot, foreshadowing, themes, t unitary, and other literary devices.The two short stories, The Parsley garden by William Saroyan and perspire by Zora Neale Hudson were both amazing to read and offered a lot of insight to American hi paper. The Parsley Garden told the story of an adolescent, named Al, during the depression, who wanted a hammer he saw in a store. Not having a single penny on him, he decided to steal it, getting caught in the action.Lectured and humiliated by the store manager, Mr. Clemmer, he was let go resulting in him plotting his revenge and a way to get his rob back. movement was the story of an African-American wash-woman, Delia. She was constantly exclaimd and was trapped under her tyrannical husb and, Sykes who openly cheated on her with another woman. Despite all her hardships with her husband, she worked long and hard using her own sweat and blood to sportsmanlike clothes. As their relationship got even worse, Sykes decided to pull an ugly prank on Delia that would later take place on him.Both stories had their similarities and differences, but most stood out more than others. The climaxes of the two stories were similar in that they were both turning points in the story, but also different in the way the story was resolved. In Sweat, the solving is bitter sweet. She saw him on his hands and knees as soon as she reached the doorshe knew the cold river was weirdie up and up to extinguish that eye which must know by now that she knew. Delia was emancipated from the abuse of her husband, but she still pitied him and was upset over the death of her Sykes.The Parsley Garden ends in the more typical, blissful fashion. Al finally obtains his hammer while regaining his pri de. His mother went inside and went to bed, but Al Condraj sit on the bench he had made and smelled the parsley garden and didnt feel humiliated anymore. just nothing could stop him from hating the two men, even though he knew they hadnt done anything they shouldnt ingest. The differences in the resolution of the two stories are common as resolutions are much more obscure than the fairytale ending these days.Each has itsown unique touch but both resolved the story with the readers in peace. Themes are the morals of the story. Both stories had many themes some similar, some altogether different. In Sweat, some of the themes included oppression, honesty, and determination just to name a few.The Parsley Garden had a few more common ones such as coming of age, honesty, pride, and integrity. The theme that occurred most in Sweat was oppression as it was seen throughout the essay. It was the of import theme unlike The Parsley Garden which didnt have one main theme but many smaller th emes spread out evenly.She brought love to the union and he had brought a longing after the flesh. Two months after the wedding, he had given her the first brutal beating. Quotes about Delia getting beat, reoccurred throughout the whole story, compared to The Parsley Garden, where the themes did not reoccur. One aspect of stories in general forever intrigues me.The conflicts between the characters or between themselves is what makes up the story, so conflicts are one of the most important literary terms in a story.Both stories contain man vs.man conflict such as when Delia and Sykes fight That night he did not return at all, and the next day being Sunday, Delia was cheering she did not have to quarrel before she hitched up her pony and drove the four miles to Woodbridge, and when Al was grabbed by the young man in the store but as he did so a man took him firmly by the arm without a word and pushed him to the back of the store into a small tycoon. Man vs. man is often the most co mmon type of conflict as there is unremarkably a protagonist and an antagonist.The stories differed in that Sweat also had man vs.society, where it went against society, for Sykes to beat Delia as aforementioned with the theme, oppression. Sweat and The Parsley Garden were similar in many ways, but they also had more differences than similarities. This just shows the shape of stories there are out there in the world. Comparing two different stories would yield completely different ways of writing. There are just too many ways of writing, but one can bet one thing for sure. There will always be literary devices in a good story and it will always follow a plot.

Manager Roles Essay Example for Free

Manager Roles seek1. A Managers part is high-power and complex. Discuss this statement, supporting your answer with repairence to provide theory and practice. Managers role is to allocate resources and directs the operations, by making the best use of tender-hearted and financial and material resources to the organization. Managers are required to do planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling. Fayols theory of a forethought function which is the POCCC results the organization to have more effective and efficient in propers and services than other competitors. The dynamic and complex work of a jitney is based on interpersonal, infoal and decisional roles. Given the above roles according to hydrogen Mintzberg, the autobuss are placed in different areas to perform individual task or multiple tasks. interpersonal roles require a manager to deal outside business like as figurehead who symbolize as a representative of the company to attend outside me etings and gathering.Commanding is required in manager to direct the department to meet its requirement and coordinating the events to ensure the process of the movement. A good manager spends more time outside his office than in his office, allowing himself to liaise to outside and deemed helpful to the organization. A manager monitors his/her own department by understanding the people involving him/herself to the conversation and receiving the information. Being a the head person, allow the first-hand news or information to receive and screen, hence given the choice of disseminating down to the people in the organization. A good manager will decide whether is appropriate to share and distribute information which is effective to others. Company spokesperson can be a manager to relate official company information to inside and outside of the organization like publicity and benefits of the company. Mainly managers are in this role which is the decisional role allow him/her decision to plan the changes in the good and services. Restructuring of the entrepreneurial maybe heavily depends on the managers which refer to the top management. Managers moldiness have the power to control the internal factor like strikes, which company cannot fall in stoppage of work. Important factor of dealing customer is required to ensure satisfaction of the customers. Manager must be reasonable to determine the pricing of their products sold to the customers and negotiating with them in a professional way. A good manager take cares of their people by allocating sufficient time and personnel in the organization. Pay has to be determinedaccordingly to individuals work and ensuring the fairness among the fellow workers.

Compare and Contrast Melody and Structure in the Brahms, Debussy and Poulenc Essay Example for Free

Comp be and Contrast Melody and coordinate in the Brahms, Debussy and Poulenc EssayBrahms is a composer in which blood is not the key focus, but still does in fact use it to his advantage. As a sentimentalist composer Brahms definitely uses the features of the romantic era in his music, for example, the augmentation of motifs. This happens regularly throughout the piece but specifically he does an augmentation of the x motif in bar 105-108. other melodic feature that is present in this Piano Quintet is the use of ornamentation. This helps to create decoration to the mental strain line and is seen in the y motif at bar 109. The last melodic feature that Brahms predominantly uses is rests and staccatos. This creates a jerky melody throughout for the strings and piano to play. Debussy in contrast, uses smooth melodies, by exploitation slurs, which is shown from the first bar to create his description of the poem. Another contrast to Brahms, is that Debussy uses solos and una ccompanied melodies in his composition and Brahms never lets a part play on its own. Debussys main and famous solo that he uses for the melody is in the flute at bar 1.Furthermore, he also uses whole tone scales to be able-bodied to create a different melody that has not been used before, and this is shown at bar 31 and 32 in the clarinet. Similarly to Brahms, Debussy decorates his melody, however not with ornamentation but with different rhythms so that he idler add in extra note flurrys. For example, the rhythm in bar 3 in the flute, at bar 21-22 has been decorated with demi-semi triplets. Poulenc similarily uses ornamentation in the way that Brahms does in his piece, for example in bar 10 he has used a type of higher mordent.In addition, a melodic feature which is unequalled to this composition is the arpeggio fingerbreadths, which is shown in the trumpet in the first tierce notes. This appergio figures helps us to establish what key we are in. Furthermore, just like the Brahms Poulenc makes use of our ability to make extreme dynamics for the melody,without having to add instruments. It starts off lightly until the fourth bar where it jumps to forte for three homorhythm notes. Lastly, Poulenc uses some chromaticism, just like Debussy. The chromatic melodic figure that appears in this piece is in the trombone in the Coda.Brahms is very particular about the building of his composition also. The overall social system of the piece is two-fold Form, which is A-B-A or this case Scherzo-Trio-Scherzo. The Scherzo is a movement which is mean to be like a joke. This structure and Scherzo was influecend by the Classical period as we were still developing the romantic era at this time. Brahms, decides to experiment with the Ternary structure though, so within the Scherzo there are three themes called A,B and C, and these are geted together witha fugato section to form ABCAB Fugato BCAB.Furthermore, the Trio also uses its own Ternary form within itself wit h different themes. Lastly, the structure of the Fugato section is also experimented with to make it complicated and decorative to the listener, so Brahms uses a fugal subject and countersbujects at the same time and changes the points and instruments in which the different countersubjects come in. He ends the fugal section with a Stretto, creating a extra part of structure, which uses fragmented ideas from previous melodies. Similarly to Brahms, Debussy uses a Ternary Form structure of ABA.Furthermore, within the A section there is two sections and a transitions. You can furcate each different subsection because there is something new going on in each section. For example, in A1 the main theme of the flute is present, to the transition where the instrumentation changes and the melody starts to get scalic, and then for the final subsection it has a significant difference of a new tempo. This is a comparison with Brahms because Debussy has also experimented within the structure but has not gone to the extent that Brahms has.Lastly, the whole structure is based on description. Debussy is trying to give birth a musical/visual image to a tone poem, and this helps him to create his structure throughout, because it needed to hold to what was going on. The Sonata structure is not in fact in Sonata form, it uses a variation of Ternary form. again like Brahms and Debussy, he does not just use ABA, but create a transition and a coda to go with this to create the structure of his whole piece. This is less ambigious than the other two composers but this is because Poulenc was to a great extent influenced by the neo-classical style.Moreover, to create a contrast within the piece Poulenc used extended phrase structures and hard-hitting classical style phrasing to help him clarify his structure e. g. bars 1-4. In comparision to Brahms, Poulenc uses themes within his structure to give each section its own miniature structure, for example, in Section A, bars 1-21, there are three themes A (b1-8) ,B (9-17) and C (18-21). In conclusion, there reasons there are similarities between the pieces are because they are all in similar music periods.All it ranges from is the romantic period, where experimentation started to occur, to the 20th Century when experimentation was at its peak. Also, the reasons there are differences between the pieces is because of their own individuals styles and influences. Brahms is still influenced by the Classical period in some aspects due to being so close to the Classical Period, Debussy is in the middle of two periods so is influenced and his piece pushed the periods forward, and lastly, Poulenc was influenced by Neo classicism, and this shows all the composers influences are contrasting.

Disability and Able-bodied People Essay Example for Free

hindrance and Able-bodied People EssayWhat is a normal person? Is it a man playing basketb either with his friends in a park? Is it a woman riding horses through a grassy subject? Or is it the double amputee that wears expensive sunglasses on a summer day? These images render all been depicted in the media, but the latter is non shown as frequently. If the media features disabled persons more often and in a better light, it pull up stakes become the norm, therefore evoking unity among all Ameri passels. As a society, we do not truly embrace people who atomic number 18 different than us.We are only tolerant of them because we are required to be. Television, print, and commercial advertisements are the only representation that the majority of Americans receive of the world around them. To trash prejudice and division between disabled and able-bodied people, there has to be an unbiased, well-rounded view of apiece in the media. Imagine if you plumpd in a world where you o nly saw ads with people who suffered from degenerative diseases, paraplegia, communicable disorders, etc. Would you begin to question whether you were normal or not?During the spring of my senior year in high school, I shadowed an occupational therapist who worked with autistic children. There were great lessons to be learned this semester, many of which I discovered from observing the children themselves. I began to sympathize with them and put myself into their shoes. I realized that I was in no better shape than they were, and we were not actually that different. In my free time, I would look for tirelessly for ads which brought autism and disability into the forefront in a way that showed that they have it off their lives just as I did.Very seldomly would I come across unmatched, and when I did, it was not from a major retailer. Disability rights organizations do a great job of raising awareness as advocates for the disabled, but I challenge the counterbalance of the media to do the same. By making the lives of the disabled more visible in the media, everyday Americans will have the ability to see the handicapped in the same way I saw them during my internship. The able-bodied will see an array of people different from them just by putting those suffering from various disabilities on television.As a result, bringing able-bodied and disabled persons one step closer unitedly. Additionally, the manner in which the disabled are depicted in the media is equally important. Becoming acclimated to seeing handicapped people in roles that we normally do not encounter will further show that we can all live together in unison. Switching the disabled person from door greeter to cashier in Walmart commercials is one example of this. Seeing a disabled person compete in the International Olympic games and not just a participant in the Special Olympics is also another example.Instead of diminishing the abilities of the handicapped, we can portray them in areas where they are apart of and grow with society. Are disabled and able-bodied people gelled together living in harmony or merely separate groups put together by compel? Based on my experience, it is the latter, but it does not have to be. The media has played a major role in the way individuals are viewed throughout history. Once we change our outlook and perceptions on others, we change the way we live our daily lives. At that point we will begin to question who defines what is normal and what is not.

Teacher Interview Essay Example for Free

instructor Interview EssayFor this project I decided to interrogate my high school footb entirely direct from Brewster Washington Ed Ashworth, who teaches English. I asked a verity of questions to help get an understanding of what it take to sprain a instructor and to just get a better idea of it all. The first question I asked was, How much time outside of school do you spend on your job? Well surrounded by grading papers and making lesson plans for associate and other materials, probably about 16-20 minutes a week. About and hour before school and a couple hours here and at that place after school, plus weekends. he said. undermenti wizardd question I asked was, How do you come up with the lesson plans? Its not easy to come up with lesson plans all the time, I try to make the assignments interesting so the students dont get bored of the same thing. I there is something that is fascinating outside of class that I think I can incorporate into class I try to do that, we ather its something on the news or something going on with the school so the students can speak their mind, thats usually makes it more fun for them. said Mr.Ashworth.Next I asked, What do you do with a failing student? And a student with behavior problems? I try to make sealed I am send grade checks home to there p atomic number 18nts, I also ask the students if they get hold of extra help of if the need to stay after class for some one on one learning. And for the behavior problem kids I usually send the student outside and have a news and let the student they need to get their act together. he said . Then I asked, What atomic number 18 additional duties besides teaching in the classroom?Teachers meetings, parent meetings, Homework grading and tests, Also advising the students they are assigned to make sure they are on track for graduation. says Ashworth. Next I asked, Whats the most recognize part about teaching? The most rewarding part would have to be when you see a stu dent turn things around, going from not trying in school to doing good in the class because they realize that school is important for there future. he said. The last question I asked was, What made you carry to be a teacher?I had a couple teachers that really made an impacted in my life and I ever since then I know I wanted to be a teacher to help kids and to make an impact in their lives. I learned a lot from the interview with Mr. Ashworth, hearing what he had to say about teach just making me wanna be a teacher even more than before. The very last quote he said is the one thats going to rest with me, because I had a couple of teachers that made an impact in my life as well and its a big part of why I want to become a teacher to help kids and to perhaps change their lives.

Subsidiary Ledgers and Special Journals Essay Example for Free

Subsidiary Ledgers and Special Journals EssayA ancillary ledger is a ledger that includes all of the details of a worldwide ledger, and it holds accounts with similar attri thates. The purpose is that is mountain contain things such as accounts receivable and accounts payable and it dirty dog show the sum total. The advantages of using foot soldier ledgers is that the sum of all the accounts is unbroken in the General Ledger and all of the details of the accounts are kept in the subsidiary ledger which is separate so you can keep them in different columns so to not get confused. A control account is an account that contains the total number of sales/purchases made. If you summarise up all of the individual accounts it should equal the control account, also known as a compend of the account. The purpose of a control account is that it doesnt have to contain all of the details but it will have all of the financial information organized accurately.The accounts receivable an d accounts payable ledgers are ii general ledger accounts that act as control accounts for a subsidiary ledger. Cash receipts journal, funds payments journal, sales journal, and the purchase journal are the four different special journals of accounting. The advantages of all the journals are that proceedings that occur on a daily basis can be put into a precise journal and unrivaled person can be in charge of that journal. All of the information can be tracked in one place which can make the work much easier as well. A bills payments journal can be used with any company that deals primarily with cash which is most companies. A cash receipts journal is sometimes used for the sales of a yield to help track transactions. Purchase journals are used with companies that make a lot of purchases on one account while sales journals are for companies that perform purchases. The sales journal posts the sum on the general ledger at the end of the pay period/month.

American Me - Poem Essay Example for Free

American Me Poem EssayThe poem American Me, written by Ninfa Miranda-Maloney, tells the story of a Mexican immigrant who comes to the unite States to live the American vision. The author incorporates ethnic aspects with her use of Spanish words sprinkled in amongst the poem. With his spit shine shoes (Miranda-Maloney, n. d, line 10) and brillantina-slick back hair (Miranda-Maloney, n. d. , line 11), a picture is assorted of a young mans pride in himself as he begins the journey of a lifetime. This is a young man ready for his new life in America. The tone quickly changes, however, as he probably soon realizes that the dream is not what he had in mind.In San Eli, where he lived on thank yous and maybes (Miranda-Maloney, n. d. , line 23), the reader gets the sense that the man was taken advantage of and locked hard for little compensation. The intimately powerful lines in the poem be kissed your white land, broke my back, sweat a few weeping for a piece of the dream (Miran da-Maloney, n. d. , lines 27, 28, 29). The author has incorporated a racial aspect in the poem by showing referring to the white land. This is not his land, this is the white land. He is doing back breaking promote for whites, probably not what he expected as the young man full of hope chasing the American dream.The author also includes social class aspects in this poem. The poem ends with the man, now here in the United States for fifty years, still smelling the onion plants on his fingertips. (Miranda-Maloney, n. d. ) This leads me to believe the man is still hiting in the onion fields fifty years after arriving in the United States. A generalization can be do that a person from a lower social class would need to continue to work past retirement age to make ends meet. I grew up in a poor similarity in California. My community included many immigrants here in the United States both illegally and legally.The immigrants I have issuen throughout my life are generally proud Americ ans, though there are the few that grow bitter because their American ideals and dreams have not been met. They work hard doing difficult work for little money and not much appreciation. While I dont personally spot with the poem, I am able to sympathize with the character as he could represent a good turn of people I know. My grandmother emigrated to California before my mother was born. She came to the States with the dream of giving her children a disclose life than the one theyd likely have in El Salvador.Throughout my life, shes told me the stories of move here and settling the family in the area. It was difficult for her, working many hours as a maid, but she did it for the make of her children. Many times throughout her first few years in the states, she considering going back home. The dream she envisioned was hardly her reality at first. I cant imagine how difficult it would be to go to a different country where you dont speak the language or know the culture but it ha ppens regularly in this country. At the end of the day, the United States is a country made up of immigrants, most of which are just chasing the dream as well.

Selection and Induction Essay Example for Free

Selection and Induction EssayInadequate recruitment fanny lead to labour shortages, or problems in anxiety decision making. Recruitment is however non simply a simple choice performance but too requires management decision making and vast be after to employ the approximately commensurate man proponent. Competition among business organisations for recruiting the best(p) potential has increased charge on innovation, and management decision making and the selectors aim to recruit only the best panoramas who would suit the collective culture, ethics and climate specific to the organisation.The wreak of recruitment does not however end with application and selection of the right people but involves maintaining and retaining the employees elect. (State Government of Victoria State Services Authority, 2008) The ho economic consumptionkeeping plane section is the most important surgical incision in hospitality world. Housekeeping is responsible for cleaning the hotels gu estrooms and public areas. This discussion section has the largest amount faculty, and its operations are the most influential from both external and internal factors. Thus they defend an ever chancing requirement for staff. RECRUITMENTFrench and Rees (2010) Defines recruitment as, a process to discover the sources of man power to meet the requirements of the staffing schedule and to employ utile measures for attracting that manpower in adequate numbers to facilitate in effect(p) selection of an efficient workforce. Edwin B. Flippo defined recruitment as the process of searching for prospective employees and stimulating them to fool for creases in the organization. In simple words recruitment push aside be defined as a intimacying function-joining together those with jobs to fill and those seeking jobs.The general purpose of recruitment is to provide a puddle of potenti tout ensemble(prenominal)y qualified job candidates. For a more detailed specification (see Attachme nt 1) The process 1. A need is created through any number of factors at heart an establishment. From the change in seasonal occupancy, personal factors of staff or managerial requirements. As in the human face of the ABS Hotel, a member of the housekeeping department has been given a transfer due to personal issues. Now a position has been created that needs to be filled.The HOD of the department allow now access the vacancy and if need be, he leave file a crave for the recruitment of a raw staff member. ( chat Attachment 2) 2. The request provide be filled and accessed by the Hotels Human resources passenger car, and he pass on then deem a meeting with the HOD from the Housekeeping department to discuss the need for a new staff member. If the HR manager demotes the request valid he allow then go about discussing the positions measurable standard with the HOD. This will result in the work analysis of the required room attendant by which applicators will be measured. See Attachment 3) 3. The HR manager must then present to the Hotels Chief Financial Officer if there are gold available for both the recruitment process and the annual salary of the new staff member. As is the case with the current position at the ABC Hotel, the annual salary can be paid as it would submit been paid to the forward room attendant. 4. Once the CFO has validated the financial aspect of the request, the HR manager and the HOD of the housekeeping department must apply to the General Manager for his approval of the recruitment. . If the GM denies their request, the process will stop. If the GM accepts the request the HODs part of recruitment has been completed, and the HR manager starts the dinner dress process of recruitment. 6. The HR manager does research into the Labour market, Economy and the Expansion of the play along. The Labour markets geographical and demographical knowledge will assist the HR manager in calculating the environment were the best fitting candidates can be found and through use of which measure can they best be reached.The analyse of the economical present and future will assist the manager in accessing if it would be affordable to take aim the new employee and what the market rate for the positions salary is. The growth of the company has the biggest impact on the recruitment process, for if the company has to decline or plans to float through the following year then the appointment of a new staff member will result in a profit expenditure, which renders the recruitment process a loss. As is the current state of the ABC Hotel the three factors are all positive and thus the HR manager will continue with the recruitment process. . The HR manager must utilise the company resources to specify whether to advertise the vacancy internally, externally and by which technique to best reach the required labour market. For an comment of internal-, and external advertising, (see Attachment 1) 8. The HR manager must now ut ilise the information assemblageed from the previous two touchstones to thoroughly plan the advertisement. All relevant information regarding the position needs to be inside the method of advertising and must create a positive image for the organisation. (see Attachment 4) 9.If the HR Manager has done his job correctly, persons will apply for the position. SELECTION The size of the labour market, the image of the company, the go in of posting, the nature of job, the compensation package and a host of other factors influence the manner of aspirants are apt(predicate) to respond to the recruiting efforts of the company. Through the process of recruitment the company tries to locate prospective employees and encourages them to apply for vacancies at various levels. Recruiting, thus, provides a pool of applicants for selection. Selection is defined by French (2012, p. 76) as the process of picking individuals who have relevant qualifications to fill jobs in an organisation. The bas ic purpose is to choose the individual who can most winnerfully perform the job from the pool of qualified candidates. The purpose of selection is to pick up the most suitable candidate who would meet the requirements of the job in an organisation best, to find out which job applicant will be successful, if hired. To meet this goal, the company obtains and assesses information about the applicants in terms of age, qualifications, skills, experience, etc. the needs of the job are matched with the profile of candidates.The most suitable person is then picked up after eliminating the unsuitable applicants through successive stages of selection process. How wellspring an employee is matched to a job is very important because it is directly affects the amount and feeling of employees work. Any mismatch in this regard can cost an organisation a colossal deal of money, time and trouble, especially, in terms of training and operating costs. In course of time, the employee may find the jo b distasteful and leave in frustration. He may even circulate negative information about the company, ca apply incalculable harm to the company in the long run.Effective election, therefore, demands constant supervise of the fit between people the job. (French and Rees, 2012, p. 176) The Process 1. The Curriculum Vitae of applicants are received. 2. The applications will now be scrutinised tally to the measurable standard. 3. A data traveling bag is created wherein all the information of applicants are entered and stored. This database is a very essential and useful tool. It has all the information applicants included on their CVs, this information can be used as a record of how applicants were chosen or declined.It holds the record to prove that the selection process was neither biased nor preferential and has complied with both the Labour Relations and the Employment Equity Acts. It is also a useful reference base which can be used for future manpower forecasting or a base of workable employees for future positions. Thus saving on recruitment costs. 4. The applications are now sorted by the HR manager into three piles. Successful-, For Review- and Unsuccessful applicants. 5. The unsuccessful applicants must be sent a earn of their unsuccessful blast.The letter will contain the reason the establishment declined their application and will wish them well for future applications. 6. From the Successful applicants a short list will now be drawn up, by both the HR Manager and the Housekeeping HOD, to show the best possible candidates for the position. This can sometimes be a difficult and time consuming process. To ease the process follow these guidelines. (see Attachment 5) 7. Once the best possible candidates have been chosen from the shortlist, they will be telephonically contacted and informed that they are a possible candidate for the position.During the phone call a short pre-interview will be conducted to confirm the critical information with the cand idate and to inform them of their formal interview. 8. Application forms are sent via email or post to the candidates for them to formally apply for the position. These need to be sent back to the establishment as they will be used to gather information on candidates to better structure the interviews. 9. Using the candidates I. D. numbers a background check will be done on applicants for criminal record or blacklisting. According to JHON BOTHA, director of the Production direction Institute, this has become a necessary step due to the Labour laws in South Africa. Business solar day October 11th, 2012. see Attachment 6 10. The HR manager and HOD of the Housekeeping department must setup the formal interview structure and question the candidates. 11. After the interview the candidates will write a short aptitude test to see if their norms, values and attitudes align with the establishments. 12. The HR manager and The HOD will now decide on the best candidate for the position.If n one of the candidates are suitable for the position, they may refer back to the candidates which didnt produce the short list or the applicants for review and repeat steps 8-11. If no candidate or applicant meets the requirements, then the recruitment and selection process must be reviewed and restarted. 13. If a candidate has been chosen for the position, they will be informed of their success telephonically and given further instructions regarding their first day of employment and induction. If the chosen candidate declines the offer then the HR manager must choose another and repeat step 12 and 13. 4. The unsuccessful candidates will receive a phone call informing them of their unsuccessful attempt but will assure them that they will be considered for future positions. INDUCTION Induction can be defined as the first step towards gaining an employees commitment, it is aimed at introducing the job and organization to the recruit and him or her to the organization. It involves tas te and training of the employee in the organizational culture, and showing how he or she is interconnected to (and interdependent on) everyone else in the organization.See also orientation. (Target Selection 1986) The Induction process has several important objectives (Grobler et al. 2002) Acquainting new employees with job procedures. Establishing relationships with co-workers. Creating a wizard of belonging among employees. Acquainting new employees with the goals of the organisation. Indicating to the employees the preferred means by which these goals should be achieved. Identifying the basic responsibilities of the job. Indicating the required behaviour patterns for effective job performance. (Grobler et al. 2002)The Process Day 1 Introduction to the establishment and work area soulfulness trusty HR Manager Mission, Vision, Objectives of work area How the work area fits in to the wider establishment All diagnose operational and social areas to be visited. Introduction to o ther members of staff Person amenable HR Manager Go through organisation chart Discuss roles and responsibilities of staff in general terms. May also want to extend time to allow visits to key contacts out with work area. Introduction to the other team ups within the do area Person Responsible Line Manager Purpose/Activities of the other teams/work areas How the team fits in to the work area How the work area fits into the University Day 2 Terms and Conditions Person Responsible Line Manager Ensure new start has viewed and understood information contained in the Information for novel Employees this contains important information on terms and conditions. Performance Standards Person Responsible Line Manager line specifics of job role (job description) Define goals, objectives, and expectations Review probation and performance and developing review/ ADR/ appraisal process.Culture of the Work area Person Responsible Line Manager/Nominee Make new start aware of local arr angements regarding hours of work, holiday requests, sickness procedure, after hours work, dress code, lunch arrangements, etc. Other University procedures e. g. internet and email usage, transportation and parking, etc. Office Systems Person Responsible Line Manager/Nominee Review processes for using office equipment such as computer, telephone, voicemail, fax, printer, photocopier, etc. Review processes for using other university equipment/systems such as libraries, laboratories, bold access computers, etc. Review computer security, and software usage. Consider environmental efficiencies (waste, recycling, energy) Health and Safety Person Responsible Health Safety Co-ordinator/ Line Manager Physical fire exits, fire alarms, fire excretory product procedure, fire-training arrangements, manual handling, first-aid arrangements, VDU usage, and other arrangements as required. Day 3 and 4 Job Specific formulation and Development -Person Responsible Line Manager/Nominee Role specific development needs should be reviewed and a suitable programme of training should be planned that aligns the individuals skills to their core duties. lag with line management responsibilities should be clear as to their duties and attend any relevant training. Outline the use of annual performance and development reviews/ ADR as one method for determining on-going role specific development needs. Introduce University wide training and development opportunities available to staff. Review use of personal development planning tools (i. e. PDP) Week 1 4 The new employee should be partnered with a buddy / mentor and work with and aboard them to learn the operations, ins-and-outs and daily routines of the position. Week 5 6The new employee should now be able to function independently, but will still require supervision. Week 7 Monitoring and valuation Person Responsible Line Manager It is important that the Induction programme is monitored and reviewed. Throughout the perio d rhythmical review meetings should be held and any adjustments made. The new employee should be informally interviewed to access his progress and experience of the working environment. Week 8 12 Probation -Person Responsible Line Manager For new staff the Probation Policy will apply, at the end of three months the new employee will now be a permanent employee.This will have ensured continued efficiency and productivity. CONCLUSION At the end of what could be a short or long process the ABC Hotel will now have the new room attendant which would have fit in perfectly into the organisation to ensure continued productivity and efficiency. If each of the steps of all three processes of Recruitment, Selection and Induction have been followed and done according to the Hotels policies and procedures and the standards set by management then the present and future manpower planning will be a success.An awareness of issues and concepts within this area is an important tool for all those in volved with leading, managing and developing people even if they are not human resource managers per se. A recognition of the importance of this aspect of people management is not new, and success in this field has often been linked with the avoidance of critical failure factors including undesirable levels of staff upset and claims of discrimination from unsuccessful job applicants.It has been argued here that it is also possible to identify aspects of recruitment and selection which link with critical success factors in the 21st century context, differentiating organisational performance and going some way to delivering employees who can act as thinking performers. It is proposed, for example, that a competencies approach focusing on abilities needed to perform a job well may be preferable to the use of a more traditional interconnected of job and person. (French 2010)

British Armed Forces

British arm ForcesMan be onment now ar aw ar of the importance of employees, hence using the correct enlisting and extr work methods be crucial part of management functions. The achievement of two organic law depends largely on acquiring the right balance of employees, with the right skills and abilities. Most companies have an established personnel department responsible for this function. (Armstrong, M. 2009) unforesightful kick upstairsment and selection techniques back result in acquire in cost, lower morale, and a rise in labour turnover. As a result of these, the aim of management is to reduce cost and maximize productivity. This assignment looks at recruitment and selection methods customd in the British Armed Forces, selection methods, depend capacity and validity. (Noe, R.A. et al, 2004)However, questions and its benefits and geeks ar in addition dealt with in details. The variant types and scarperbacks of test, and government legislation form the basis of employment and organisation has to follow set procedures as such. These ar all discussed in subsequent chapters. (Noe, R.A. et al, 2004)This assignment foc occasions on recruitment and methods of selection borderes. These systems may be the first formal interaction which candidates have with the organisation. Their impact may authorize crosswise a range of stages in the pre-employment relationship with the organisation, not but during the initial draw step forwardion, the selection lick and the offer of employment, but also in the subsequent attrition, and decision by existing staff to leave. manikin Toyotas recruitment and selection practices are tailored to find the best possible applicants to hire. (Beardwell, J., and Claydon, T. 2007) 1.2 Recruitment and selection in the British Armed Forces The British Armed Forces described recruiting as the musical rhythms taken in order to attract a pool of candidates for selection. Recruits are and then taking in for training in order to overdress them for their careers in the Army. The training is a continuous process throughout a soldiers career. (www.armedforces.co.uk, 2011) 1.2.1 Army Recruiting and Training board of directors (ARTD) This body is in charge of the step by step progress of potency recruits from the initial recruitment through to the selection process, specialist training and deployment in the army field. (www.armedforces.co.uk, 2011)The ARTD has an estimated annual bud scram approximately 700m in which they have enlist 13000 potential drop candidates, and train 100000 soldiers and officers. The ARTD functions operations are categorised into three phases such are, general training, Specialist training and Career training. (www.bbc.co.uk, 2011) 1.2.2 Soldier extract The selection process requires all potential recruit to do an en chastise assessment at the Armys Careers Office. present potential recruits will undertake a touch screen British Army Recruit Battery (BARB) test, psych ometric test all figurer base designed to see which area in the Army is best suited for the recruit. The tests also take a numeric and literacy test.. (www.armedforces.co.uk, 2011)Candidates who successfully passed both the tests and interviews will be booked for further test. This test is ordinarily a two days course at an Army Development and Selection Centre (ADSC). Here candidates will undergo a thorough medical examination, physical assessment tests, and fitness checks to make up the suitableness for an Army career. (www.armedforces.co.uk, 2011)At the end of the two days course, candidates will be informed whether they are success or not, hence, if successful candidates can be given a place in any of the disdain they wish to undertake, a Phase 1 training, which is a 14 weeks course, designed to give candidates all the necessary skills to be a soldier. At the first day of training, recruits will formally enlist in the British Army, and Phase 2 specialised training will b egin at the Army Training Regiment, Pirbright, Surrey. (www.armedforces.co.uk, 2011) 3.1 Methods of Selection Selection is the process of identifying the suitability of applicants from a given pool of candidates. The main reasons of carrying out selection are (Dessler, G. 2011)To gather relevant information about moving ins, applicants and organisations in order to envision a better step decisions.To change information and predict future behaviorTo facilitate cost-benefits for the investment make in an employeeTo check, recruit and place stage business candidates in the best interests of organisation and applicants. (Dessler, G. 2011) 3.1.1 Reliability For employers to ensure that selection has been free of any kind of parti pris the reliability of the tests has to be demonstrated. Reliability refers to the logical coherence of scores collected by the same person when tested over time on the same test. If test outcomes are not consistent, it will be unethical to take any measu res on the basis of the test. It shows the extent to which similarities or differences in scores could be associate with errors. Dunnette (1966) has identified intravenous feeding sources of errors. (Mathis, R.L. and Jackson, J.H. 2007)Errors delinquent to inadequate sampling of contents indicating that the items for the two tests may have been slightly different. Errors due to chance response tendencies indicating guessing or random responding to the items. Errors due to changes in the testing environment indicating the effect of physical conditions such as light, temperature, time of the day.Errors due to the changes in the person taking the test indicating the influence of health, fatigue, mood, and practice. The different types of reliability can be found in the addendum sections. (Mathis, R.L. and Jackson, J.H. 2007) 3.1.2 Validity This is the most important requirement of a test. Validity means degree to which a test measures what it claims to measure. A test with a high va lidity means it is nearly comparable to the tests objective. A test with a weak validity means it does not measure what it intend to measure. As a results, there is no prove to use the test outcomes for their primary objective. There are different ways to establish the validity of a test. The different types of validity can be found in the appendix sections. (Legge, K. 2004) 3.2 Ability Tests These are designed to measure individuals capabilities to carry out a task in a particularized and unique manner. There are many another(prenominal) different types of ability test (Milmore, M. 2003) 3.2.1 Cognitive ability tests This measures a persons thinking, memory, reasoning, verbal and numerical capabilities. This can be used to show applicants knowledge of terminology and concepts, formulate fluency, comprehension, spatial orientation, conceptual reason, general and mutual ability. Organisation should ensure that these tests determine cognitive abilities than a job related. (Armstro ng, M. 2009) 3.2.2 Physical Ability Tests This measures what a person can do with his/her strength, endurance, and flexibility. For causa 1, the British Armed Forces uses this type of test to assess new recruits to ascertain the suitability for a career in the Army. (www.thearmedforces.co.uk, 2011) some other sample 2 is Ford Motor Company, where line workers regularly lift and carry equipment, climbs ladders and performs other physical tasks.(Mathis, R.L. and Jackson, J.H. 2007) Another spokesperson 3, Township Fire Department also uses physical ability test (PAT) in assessing potential applicant and highlighted the importance of physical fitness of fire fighters. (Armstrong, M. 2009) Example 4 Portland police bureau uses this to determine the suitability of professional police officers. (Armstrong, M. 2009) 3.3 Personality Tests This is a unique mixture of individual characteristics that can imprint how an individual interacts in his/her work environment. As a result, a larg e number of organisations use different personality tests that determine the extent to which applicants characteristics suits specific job criteria. (Torrington, D., Hall, L., and Taylor, S., 2008) Example 6, the Finish Line, a large retail chain specialising in sporting products, offers job applicants a web-based test which evaluates their personal tendencies and test scores are use to assort individuals for the hiring decision. (Mathis, R.L. and Jackson, J.H. 2007) Another example 7 is Blockbuster and Sports Authority also uses similar tools in their pre-employment screening. (The Economist, 2011) Example 8 a California based technology firm also found that the use of personality tests enhanced the selection decision made in the company. (Financial Times, 2010) 3.4 Assessment Centres This consists of various selection techniques, and group selection methods which are makeed as a major element, as with work simulation programs and presentation. Assessment centres are used to ass ess, in depth, a group of broadly similar applicants, using a set of competencies needed for the post on offer and a series of behavioural statements which indicate how these competencies are played out in practice. Example 5, Cadbury Schweppes. (Beardwell, J., and Claydon, T. 2007) Example, Energis utilises a series of assessment centres. 3.5 Honesty tests and Drug test Many organizations formerly employed polygraph tests, or lie detectors, to evaluate job applicants, but this changed with the passage of the Polygraph Act in 1988. This act prohibited the use of polygraphs in employment screening for most organizations. A new technique know as the honesty paper-and-pencil tests was born. This typically ask candidates directly about their attitude towards theft or their prehistoric experiences with theft. (Noe, R.A., et al 2004) For example 9, Nordstorm, the large department store chain, uses Reid Survey to screen for violent tendencies, drug use and dishonesty. (The New York Time s, 2010)As with theft, there is a growing perception of the problems caused by drug use among employees. For example 10, Fortune 1000 chief executives cited substance abuse as a significant problem in their organization. (Noe, R.A., et al 2004) 3.6 Polygraphs This is more generally and incorrectly termed as the lie detector which is a mechanical artifice that measures a persons heart rate, galvanic skin responses and breathing rate. The ideology of this device is that if a person answers a question wrongly, the bodys physiological responses will show that a person gave an incorrect response through the polygraphs arrangement machine. They play a vital role in criminal investigations and background checks. For examples 11,companies such as ointment n Pay, KFC and First National Bank all uses the polygraph to assess the trustworthiness of potential candidates. (Brown, C. (2010) 3.7 References and Biographical info References are information that an employer gets from other people who know the applicant, either through friends or previous employer. The tell apart on the reliability and validity of reference checks suggests that these are, at best, weak predictors of future success on the job. whizz major reason for this is that most reference letters are so positive that it is difficult to derived function applicants. (Van den Brink, et al, 2010) For example 14,Northwestern Bells district manager of management employment notes They all say, This is the greatest individual the humanness have ever seen, the next president, at least..It is not always accurate. (Noe, R.A. et al, 2004) For example 15, Intuit Corporation tries to get around these problems by requesting references in bulk sometimes asking for as many as 12 letters of reference. The evidence on the utility of biographical information gathered from candidates is far more accurate. The biographical information form also set ups a written document that the organisation can verify via outside(a) checks. (Pollitt, D. 2007) For example 16, APCOA Inc. conducts a battery of checks depending on the position, and such investigation may include driving records, reference work history and criminal record. (Ordanini, A., and Silvestri, G. 2008) 3.8 Problems with using test There are a number of problems associated with using tests. (Brown, G. T. L. 2008) In most looks, tests may not always be fair as there may be an element of racial, social and sexual bias in the questions and scoring system. For instance, some civilisations may be bracing to functional against the clock. (Hao, Z., and Liden, R.C. 2011) Validation procedures take a lot of time, but yet still are essential to the use of tests. Issues such as the use of web testing, new types of tests, like emotional intelligence tests, are being developed without sufficient validation. (Tulip 2002) The criteria used in defining good job performance are usually inadequate, hence such criteria are subjective and to some extent fo r the mediocre correlations between job performance and test results. (Collings, D.G., and Wood, G. 2009) Most tests are job specific and unique. Therefore, when the job for which the test is used changes, then the test can no longer be said to relate with job performance in the same manner. (Mathis, R.L. and Jackson, J.H. 2007) 4.1 Government Policy and Legislation The final standard that any form of selection method should adhere to is the law. Legislation has a vital role in the recruitment and selection process curiously in preventing disagreement on the grounds of disability, sex, race and age. (Noe, R.A. et al, 2004) The Civil Rights Act of 1991, an extension of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 protects individuals from discrimination based on race, colour, sex, religion, and national origin with respect to hiring as well as compensation and working conditions. There are three major differences between the two Acts. (CIPD, 2010). One recent example 12 can be seen at Coca-Cola and this is highlighted in the Competing by Meeting Stakeholders Needs box (Lavigna, R.J, and Hays S.W. 2004) hinge on and Race DiscriminationThe Sex Discrimination Act (1975) was introduced to protect people and made it unlawful to discriminate based on sex or marital status either directly or indirectly in the field of employment. However, the Race Relations Act (1976) also prohibits employers from discriminating individuals on the grounds of race, colour and nationality. (Torrington, D., Hall, L., and Taylor, S., 2008) geezerhood Discrimination In the UK, age discrimination was introduced in 2006 and makes it unlawful for employers to discriminate based on age in recruiting, promotion and training. (Noe, R.A. et al, 2004) Examples 13 of companies sued under this act include CBS Inc., McDonnell Douglas, Northwest Airlines, Disney, and Martin Marietta. (Noe, R.A. et al, 2004) 5.1 Selection interrogates An interview is a discussion between and employer and a potential candidate for the benefit of both parties to get to know to each one other for the purpose of filling a vacant position within a company. There are two major reasons for conducting an interview as an initial screening, and to ascertain that the individual has met minimum qualifications required, and then an in depth interview with HR staff. (Singh, P. 2008) 5.2 Types of selection interviews 5.3 Structured Interviews This conducted by using measure questions for all candidates to ensure comparisons can be done easily. It yields the opportunity for the interviewer to design relevant questions and also to facilitate a standardised interviewee evaluation. It is useful in the initial screening process because many applicants can be effectively evaluated and compared. (Valentinis, L., et al 2009) 5.3.1 Behavioural Interview The interviewers often use an experiential type of structured interview. This is a method in which the interviewer will give applicants a job scenario (in which he/she will be looking for certain skills be it multi tasking, flexibility, diplomacy, patience, marketing tactics, and so on) and ask for the candidates opinion in exact steps. (Holtbrugge, D., et al 2010) Example, ATT and Accenture have been using behavioural interviewing for about 15 years now, and because increasing numbers of employers are using behaviour-based methods to screen job candidates, accord how to excel in this interview environment is becoming a crucial job-hunting skill. Example 17,Capital one uses tests that attend to in the evaluation of important behavioural and cultural-fit job criteria. (Mathis, R.L. and Jackson, J.H. 2007) Example Century 18, Theatre also made use of this test and finds it to be saving them money and resources. A recent study indicated that past behaviour structured-type interviews are better at identifying achievement at work than are billetal interviews, hence showing the qualification of this interview strategy. (Mathis, R.L. and Jackson, J.H. 2 007) For example 19,the Struder Group consulting firm, after working with a multitude of health care firms across the nation, identified the use of behavioural interviews as a positive practice in organisations. (Gump, S.E. 2006) 5.3.2 Competency Interview This type of interview is similar to the behavioural interview except that the questions are designed to provide the interviewer with something to measure the applicants response against. Competency-based interviews are structured, with questions that relate directly to the essential criteria and competencies required for the post. Using competencies as a benchmark to predict job candidate success is useful because interviewers can identify the factors needed in specific jobs. (Doherty, R. (2010)However, this interview takes time and sometimes is of more benefit to management-oriented people. However, it is also important that you fit in with the team, and with the employers culture and style. A competency-based interview is desi gned to ask you additional questions about your character, soft skills and personal attributes that let both you and the employer determine whether you fit their needs. (Cardy. R.L., et al 2002) 5.3.3 Situational interview In situational interviewing, job-seekers are asked to respond to a specific situation they may face on the job, and some aspects of it are similar to behavioural interviews. These types of questions are designed to draw out more of your analytical and problem-solving skills, as well as how you apportion problems with short notice and minimum preparation. (Dessler, G. 2011) For example 20, a variation of situational format that is used by companies such as GE and Microsoft is termed the case study interview, which requires a job applicant to find out and correct organisational challenges during the meeting. (Beardwell, J., and Claydon, T. 2007) 5.4 Unstructured or Less-structured interview An unstructured interview is one where there may be a script to get the p rocess started, but once the interview gets going the interviewer will start to follow her own points of interest and backtrack following any script. (Searle, R.H. 2003)An unstructured interview occurs when the interviewer improvises by asking questions that are not predetermined. A semi structured interview is a guided conversation in which broad questions are asked and new questions deck up as a result of the discussion. (Searle, R.H. 2003)5.4.1 Stress Job Interviews The stress interviewing technique is typically used only for positions in which the job-seeker will be facing stress on the job, and the interviewer wants to see how well you can handle the pressure. The key to surviving stress interviews is to remain calm, keep a sense of humor, and avoid getting baseless or defensive. (Ball, F.W., and Ball, B. 2010) 6.1 Advantages of interviews The following are the advantages of using interview as a method of selectionInterviews provide opportunities for interviewers to ask pro bing questions about the candidates experience and to explore the extent to which the candidates competences match those specified for the jobit alter interviewers to describe the job and the organisation in more detail, suggesting some of the terms of the psychological contractprovide opportunities for candidates to ask questions about the job and to clarify issues concerning training, career prospects, the organisation and terms conditions of employmentThe interviewer may try to stress you in one of several ways, such as asking four or basketball team questions in a row, acting rude or sarcastic, disagreeing with you, or simply keeping you waiting for a long period. (Armstrong, M. 2009) 6.2 Disadvantages of interview Snap judgments some interviewers decide whether an applicant is suitable withing the first two to four minutes of the interview, and spend the rest of the time searching for crucial evidence to support their judgement. Negative tension when evaluating suitability, the unfavourable information regarding a candidate is often more emphasised than the information that favours the candidate. Biases and stereotyping a bias can be describe as a situation where the interviewer favours or select people that they consider to be the same as them based on various personal factors. However, candidates ethnic names and accents can negatively impact personal evaluations. Also, older candidates are most of the time less likely to be interviewed and hired compared to younger applicants. (Mathis, R.L. and Jackson, J.H. 2007) 7.1 Conclusions A year and a half ago, organisations such as investment banks example HSBC, blue chips and consulting firms were competing with dotcoms companies for example Amazon, and Facebookover recruiting the best people. But in the present environment, there are waves of redundancies hence many are grateful that they have a job. However, boom or bust, good recruitment and selection practices are essential.In conclusions, this assig nment agrees with the statement the most efficient solution to the problem of interview is to do aside with interview and substitute paper-and-pencil measures This is because research has demonstrated that interviews are an inefficient method of predicting future success in a job. According to Smart (1983) argues that only 94 out of 1000 interviewee respond honestly in conventional interviews. (Armstrong, M. 2009)Factors such as poor reliability and validity of test scores are also major problems of interviews. Different interviewers have their own different styles and approaches, inconsistent handling of different candidates, variation in assessment criteria, biases, and errors are all factors that limits the use of interviews as a method of selection. (Armstrong, M. 2009)